The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle A Geophysical, Geodynamical, and Ge
This book highlights and discusses recent developments that have contributed to an improved understanding of observed mantle heterogeneities and their relation to the thermo-chemical state of Earth's mantle, which ultimately holds the key to unlocking the
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Amir Khan Frédéric Deschamps Editors
The Earth’s Heterogeneous Mantle A Geophysical, Geodynamical, and Geochemical Perspective
Springer Geophysics
The Springer Geophysics series seeks to publish a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in geophysics. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire research area including, but not limited to, geodesy, planetology, geodynamics, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, seismology, and tectonophysics. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10173
Amir Khan · Frédéric Deschamps Editors
The Earth’s Heterogeneous Mantle A Geophysical, Geodynamical, and Geochemical Perspective
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Editors Amir Khan Institute of Geophysics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
Frédéric Deschamps Institute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
Springer Geophysics ISBN 978-3-319-15626-2 ISBN 978-3-319-15627-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15627-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934945 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover design: Name of original series cover designer (key designer): deblik, Berlin. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The Earth’s mantle is not homogeneous. This has become more than evident from the analysis of seismic waves, which are strongly affected by changes in temperature, mineralogical phase, and chemical composition as they travel through Earth’s mantle. The message from geochemistry is similarly complex. For instance, analysis of geochemical isotopes showed that the plumes from which Ocean Island Basalts are thought to originate are sampling at least two distinct chemical reservoirs. Recovering detailed maps of mantle heterogeneit
