The Effect of Gender Inequality on Economic Development: Case of African Countries
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The Effect of Gender Inequality on Economic Development: Case of African Countries Khayria Karoui 1 & Rochdi Feki 2
Received: 9 October 2015 / Accepted: 26 November 2015 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract The debate on the impact of the gender inequality on growth was highly ambiguous. Some studies have shown a positive association between these two while others presented the opposite. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of gender inequality on economic growth in Africa. To this end, a dynamic panel model was estimated by the generalized method of moments (Arellano and Bond 1992). Our results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship to the 10 % threshold between gender inequality index (GII) and economic growth (GDP). Keywords Gender inequality . Economic growth . Economic development . Dynamic panel data
Introduction Gender equality and empowerment of women is one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set by the United Nations which are at the public political agenda of almost every country in the world. Despite this, gender inequality can be observed in almost all the countries of the world. Sen (1999) in his book shows the active and central role of women in economic development. At the World Economic Forum, all the participants recognize that the promotion of women is an important economic issue (Hausmann, Tyson and Zahidi 2007). The reports of the World Bank of 2001 shows that gender for economic development is relevant and still a current issue.
* Khayria Karoui [email protected] Rochdi Feki [email protected] 1
Research Unit Development Economics (URED) FSEG, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
2
Research Unit Development Economics (URED), Graduate School of Business, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
J Knowl Econ
The link between gender and development becomes a topic increasingly debated both in political circles and in the community of economists. Gender inequality could hinder development objectives. The relationship between gender inequality and economic growth has been the subject of considerable academic research over the past few decades. Cubers and Teignier (2014) provide a very significant critical survey of the most important theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between gender inequality in different dimensions and economic growth from a macroeconomic perspective. Since the benefit of a composite variable, several synthetic indices were developed to account for the unequal best known type are the Human Development Index (HDI), the sexeospéciphique Human Development Index (GDI) and the indicator of women’s participation (GEM). In 2010, the UNDP had a broader view of these measures and showed that there are gaps that persist in the absence of reliable data, weak measurement of inequality. To address these gaps, it we should develop a new composite indicator called the gender inequality index (IIG). This indicator will be introduced globally. This study uses this gender inequality index devel
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