The effect of graphene nanoplatelets on technical properties of micro- and nano-sized TiO 2 matrix: a comparative resear
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The effect of graphene nanoplatelets on technical properties of micro- and nano-sized TiO2 matrix: a comparative research study on electrical and optical characteristics ¨ mer Gu¨ler1,* , Hakan Ayhan2, O ¨ yku¨m Bas¸ go¨z1, C O ¸ ag˘das¸ Yavuz3, M. Go¨khan Albayrak4, 5 1 6,7 Ertan Evin , Hasan Safa , and Ibrahim S. Yahia 1
Metalurgical and Material Eng. Dept, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational High School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey 3 Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey 4 Metalurgical and Material Eng. Dept, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 5 Yesilyurt High School, Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey 6 Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia 7 Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab, Metallurgical Lab.1, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt 2
Received: 5 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 21 August 2020
In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)reinforced composite materials were produced and the electrical and optical properties of the composite materials were investigated. Graphene, which was used as a reinforcing material, was produced by using liquid-phase exfoliation method. While the TiO2 used as matrix material was commercially available for the first group of samples, it was produced by using the sol–gel method for the second group of the samples. Different rates of graphene were added to the TiO2 powders which were commercially available and produced by using sol–gel method. GNPs used as a reinforcing material were subjected to TEM analysis. The resulting composite materials were structurally examined in SEM and XRD. Then, the changes in electrical conductivity of these composites under the impact of temperature were measured. UV–Vis spectrometers of the samples were taken and their optical properties were determined. When temperaturebased electrical examination of the produced composite materials was performed, an increase was observed on the electrical conductivity values in both groups of samples as a result of addition of the reinforcing element. In addition, TiO2-containing composites produced by using sol–gel method had lower electrical conductivity comparing with commercially purchased TiO2-
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04307-5
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
containing composites especially at high temperatures. In the optical measurements, it was observed that there was an increase in the optical bandgap energy range values with GNPs reinforcement but a decrease in the reflectance values.
1 Introduction Graphene is two-dimensional hexagonal structures made up of carbon atoms. Recently, it has attracted scientists’ attention due to its
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