The effect of humic acid in chronic deoxynivalenol intoxication
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The effect of humic acid in chronic deoxynivalenol intoxication Martin Haus 1 & Daniel Žatko 1 & Janka Vašková 1
&
Ladislav Vaško 1
Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The most common mycotoxin found in European foodstuffs, especially unprocessed grains, is deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits proteosynthesis and induces oxidative stress. The sorption properties of humic acids (HA) indicate a promising potential in the reduction of mycotoxin intoxication. In an experimental biomodel lasting 35 days, we investigated the effect of a dietary supplement containing HA on the antioxidant status in the liver, heart and kidney mitochondria and in the blood plasma of rats exposed to the stress factor of orally administered DON. DON was administered at doses of 100 and 200% above the maximum tolerable daily intake (1.0 μg/kg body weight/day). We evaluated the activities of the following enzymes: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and tripeptide glutathione. Administration of DON has been shown to induce oxidative stress, the intensity of which appears to be directly dependent on the concentration of mycotoxin. Supplementation with 1% HA (10 g/kg of feed) resulted in alleviation of this stress, in which the preventive effect of HA may have been implicated partly by affecting the adsorption of DON through the GIT and limiting its bioavailability. There were also signs that it can act by actively interfering with ROS inhibition to help achieve redox homeostasis. However, there is another aspect that deserves attention, namely, the metabolism of HA. The results presented in our work suggest that the mechanism of possible metabolism occurs predominantly in the liver, including an oxidative increase in polarity and subsequent conjugation reactions mediated by the GST-GSH system. Keywords Antioxidant enzymes . Deoxynivalenol . Glutathione . Humic acids . Mycotoxin
Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungal organisms that can cause disease or death in animals and humans after intoxication. One fungal species is capable of producing a wide variety of mycotoxins, and multiple fungal species may produce the same mycotoxin. From an epidemiological point of view, however, the term mycotoxin is encountered mainly in mould products that attack agricultural crops, especially grains, through which they can pass into the food chain and through food products intended for human consumption. It is believed that the importance of mycotoxin synthesis of parasitic fungi lies in its ability to weaken the host, which ultimately allows for Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya * Janka Vašková [email protected] 1
Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 044 11 Košice, Slovak Republic
better proliferation of their colonies. The toxicity of particular mycotoxins varies considerably between
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