The Effect of Reaction Driving Force on Copper Nanoparticle Preparation by Liquid Phase Reduction Method
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1207-N07-02
Effect of Reaction Driving Force on Copper Nanoparticle Preparation by the Liquid Phase Reduction Method ⑴⑵
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Qingming Liu *; Debi Zhou ; Kazuaki Nishio ; Salah Salman ; Ryoichi Ichino ;Masazumi Okido ⑴ Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan; ⑵ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, China.
ABSTRACT Copper nanoparticle was prepared by the liquid phase reduction method. Cu2+ was reduced to a copper particle by using different types of reductant namely ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), phosphinic acid (H3PO2), titanium sulfate (Ti2(SO4)3) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The effect of reaction driving force on the average size of the copper particle was investigated. An inversely proportional relationship between the reaction driving force and the average size of the copper particle was found, wherein the average size of the copper particle decreases as the reaction driving force increases. Keywords: Copper nanoparticle; Liquid phase reduction; Reaction driving force INTRODUCTION The preparation of copper nanoparticles is currently an area of intensive scientific research, as copper nanoparticles are viewed as possible replacements for Ag and Au in certain potential applications such as catalytic materials and conductive paste [1-3]. Currently, many well-known copper nanoparticle preparation procedures exist, such as radiation, microemulsion, supercritical, thermal reduction, sonochemical reduction, laser ablation, metal vapor synthesis, and chemical reduction methods, as well as vacuum vapor deposition, and microemulsion, and supercritical techniques [4]. Among these, the liquid phase reduction method is a widely adopted approach due to its advantages including convenient operation, high yield rate and quality, low equipment requirement and controllability. In previous research, much work has been done to explore the optimum conditions of copper nanoparticle preparation. However, the mechanism of reaction involved has been seldom reported, which can help elucidate the reduction process. Therefore, the effect of different reductants on copper nanoparticle preparation was investigated in this paper. C6H8O6, H3PO2, Ti2(SO4)3 and NaBH4 were used as the reductants. The reduction of Cu2+ to cuprum atom is the result of redox reaction, in which electrons are transferred from the reductant to Cu2+. To discuss the reaction mechanism, reaction driving force (△E) was introduced in this paper. Reaction driving force is the difference between the redox potentials of the two half cell reactions [5]. * Corresponding author. Address: Masazumi Okido's lab, Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, JAPAN
Tel. 0081-52-789-3353 E-mail: [email protected]
∆E = ECu2+/ Cu − ERed.
(1)
The value of △E determines the value of the reaction equilibrium constant (Ke), according to the following well-known equation: lnKe=nF△E/RT
(2)
where F, R, and T have usual meanings. The reduction rea
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