The effect of UV irradiation on polyamide 6/carbon-fiber composites based on three-dimensional printing
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The effect of UV irradiation on polyamide 6/carbon‑fiber composites based on three‑dimensional printing Badin Pinpathomrat1 · Kazushi Yamada2 · Atsushi Yokoyama2 Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this research, we demonstrate the effect of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation of Polyamide 6/carbon-fiber (PA6/CF) composites. The PA6 and PA6/CF composites were fabricated using a fused deposition modeling type 3D printer with a single spool. These specimens were exposed for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days under UV-C light irradiation. After exposure, the specimens were observed and characterized with contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared analysis, 3D fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, tensile tests, and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, PA6 was found to be more photo-oxidative degraded than PA6/CF. Furthermore, the 3D fluorescence images and emission spectra were shown to successfully coincide with the results of the photo-oxidative degradation reactions of PA6 and PA6/CF. In addition, the tensile test results showed a dramatic decrease in PA6 while PA6/CF did not decrease much, indicating that CF is useful not only as a reinforcement of the composite but also for UV protection. Keywords UV-C irradiation · Degradation · 3D printing · Polyamide 6 · Carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 · Fluorescence spectra
1 Introduction Owing to being a lightweight material with excellent properties such as high specific strength and high specific modulus, carbon fiber is widely used to reinforce composite material for various applications from sports equipment to automobile and aircraft structural parts [1–3]. Carbon fiber also has high heat resistance, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and chemical stability. For this reason, fiber-reinforced composite materials [4–7] are used for structural, thermal, tribological, and environmental applications. Recently, many researchers have focused on manufacturing processes such as three-dimensional (3D) printing for manufacturing complex shapes at a relatively lower cost than conventional processing methods [8–14]. 3D
printing systems have grown rapidly in recent years owing to their low cost, accessibility, and open source technology. This technology is very popular for 3D part creation because it can produce complexly shaped components relatively quickly. Many 3D printer filaments containing carbon fiber, glass fiber, and natural fiber have also been developed to easily print fiber composite products. By using these fiber-containing filaments, the mechanical properties are dramatically improved when compared with molded products made only from matrix resins. Recently developed filaments based on continuous carbon fibers, i.e., PLA/CF [15], PA6/CF [9], and prepreg carbon fibers [16], have enabled the printing of molded products with excellent structural properties as well as mechanical and environmental applications.
* Kazushi Yamada, [email protected] | 1Department of Advanced Fibro‑Science, Kyoto Inst
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