The effect of video playback speed on surgeon technical skill perception
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of video playback speed on surgeon technical skill perception Jason D. Kelly1 · Ashley Petersen2 · Thomas S. Lendvay3 · Timothy M. Kowalewski1 Received: 16 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 March 2020 / Published online: 15 April 2020 © CARS 2020
Abstract Purpose: Finding effective methods of discriminating surgeon technical skill has proved a complex problem to solve computationally. Previous research has shown that obtaining non-expert crowd evaluations of surgical performances is as accurate as the gold standard, expert surgeon review. The aim of this research is: (1) to learn whether crowdsourced evaluators give higher ratings of technical skill to video of performances with increased playback speed, (2) its effect in discriminating skill levels, and (3) whether this increase is related to the evaluator consciously being aware that the video is manually manipulated. Methods: A set of ten peg transfer videos (five novices, five experts) were used to evaluate the perceived technical skill of the performers at each video playback speed used (0.4×−3.6×). Objective metrics used for measuring technical skill were also computed for comparison by manipulating the corresponding kinematic data of each performance. Two videos of an expert and novice performing dry laboratory laparoscopic trials of peg transfer tasks were used to obtain evaluations at each playback speed (0.2×−3.0×) of perception of whether a video is played at real-time playback speed or not. Results: We found that while both novices and experts had increased perceived technical skill as the video playback was increased, the amount of increase was significantly greater for experts. Each increase in the playback speed by 0.4× was associated with, on average, a 0.72-point increase in the GOALS score (95% CI 0.60–0.84 point increase; p < 0.001) for expert videos and only a 0.24-point increase in the GOALS score (95% CI 0.13–0.36 point increase; p < 0.001) for novice videos. Conclusion: Due to the differential increase in perceived technical skill due to increased playback speed for experts, the difference between novice and expert skill levels of surgical performances may be more easily discerned by manually increasing the video playback speed. Keywords Crowd sourcing · Video playback · Surgical technical skill · Speed perception · Bias
Introduction Medical errors make up a third of all deaths in the USA, one of the largest contributors of which are surgical errors [2]. Technical surgical skill is directly related to patient outcomes [3], but it remains a difficult computational task to correctly clas-
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Jason D. Kelly [email protected]
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
2
Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
3
Department of Urology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
sify surgeons into skill levels with a compelling level of accuracy, i.e., never misclassifying an ‘obvious novice’ as an ‘obvious expert’ and vice versa—the MAC Crit
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