The effect of weeding frequency and schedule on weeding operation time: a simulation study on a sugi ( Cryptomeria japon
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The effect of weeding frequency and schedule on weeding operation time: a simulation study on a sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation in Japan Keiko Fukumoto1,5 • Tetsuji Ota2 • Nobuya Mizoue3 • Shigejiro Yoshida3 Yukio Teraoka4 • Tsuyoshi Kajisa4
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Received: 6 December 2017 / Accepted: 25 August 2018 Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract This study quantified the effect of weeding frequency and weeding schedules on weeding operation time in a sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation stand. A weeding operation time estimation model was developed; then the cumulative weeding operation time after six growing seasons was simulated using the developed model. The developed model included weed height, relative height of weeds to sugi, and initial planting density. The simulated cumulative weeding operation time decreased approximately 6% for each one-treatment decrease in weeding frequency. Under a three-treatment weeding frequency
Project funding: This work was supported by the Project of the NARO Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (The Special Scheme to Create Dynamism in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries through Deploying Highly Advanced Technology). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Yu Lei. & Tetsuji Ota [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
2
Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
3
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
4
Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
5
Forest and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
scenario, the simulated cumulative operation time when weeding was conducted during non-consecutive years was longer than that when weeding was conducted during three consecutive years. The results suggest that carrying out weeding treatment during consecutive years is the more effective for reduction of weeding costs. We conclude that weeding schedule as well as weeding frequency must be considered for reduction of weeding operation time. Keywords Weeding Operation time Simulation Lowcost silviculture Growth model
Introduction Weeding is an important practice for sustainable forest management (Dacosta et al. 2011), because weeding promotes growth of planted trees (Mallik et al. 2002; Miller et al. 2003; Homagain et al. 2011), by reducing competition between planted trees and other plants (Wagner et al. 2006). In Japan, mechanical treatment with a brush cutter is conducted at least once or twice per year for 5 or 6 years after planting (Tsutsumi 1994). Because weeding using a brush cutter requires repetitive treatment due to rapid weed regrowth (Biring et al. 2003), the method would be the cause o
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