The effectiveness of health-oriented leadership interventions for the improvement of mental health of employees in the h
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REVIEW ARTICLE
The effectiveness of health‑oriented leadership interventions for the improvement of mental health of employees in the health care sector: a systematic review Felicitas Stuber1 · Tanja Seifried‑Dübon1 · Monika A. Rieger2 · Harald Gündel3 · Sascha Ruhle4 · Stephan Zipfel1 · Florian Junne1 Received: 17 January 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose An increasing prevalence of work-related stress and employees’ mental health impairments in the health care sector calls for preventive actions. A significant factor in the workplace that is thought to influence employees’ mental health is leadership behavior. Hence, effective leadership interventions to foster employees’ (leaders’ and staff members’) mental health might be an important measure to address this pressing issue. Methods We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement (Liberati et al. 2009) and systematically searched the following databases: PubMed (PMC), Web of Science, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), EconLit (EBSCOhost), and Business Source Premier (EBSCOhost). In addition, we performed a hand search of the reference lists of relevant articles. We included studies investigating leadership interventions in the health care sector that aimed to maintain/foster employees’ mental health. Results The systematic search produced 11,221 initial search hits in relevant databases. After the screening process and additional literature search, seven studies were deemed eligible according to the inclusion criteria. All studies showed at least a moderate global validity and four of the included studies showed statistically significant improvements of mental health as a result of the leadership interventions. Conclusions Based on the findings, leadership interventions with reflective and interactive parts in group settings at several seminar days seem to be the most promising strategy to address mental health in health care employees. As the available evidence is limited, efforts to design and scientifically evaluate such interventions should be extended. Keywords Leadership · Intervention · Mental health · Health care sector · Employees · Prevention
Introduction
* Felicitas Stuber [email protected]‑tuebingen.de 1
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
2
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
3
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
4
Department of Business Administration, in particular, Work Human Resource Management and Organization Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
On one hand, mental health can be seen as a basic human need that influences the individual quality of life in general. On the other hand, mental illnesses cause a large economic loss worldwide. For example, Patel et al. (2018) estimated the global economic loss due to m
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