The Effects of Aquatic Versus Kata Techniques Training on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Di
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The Effects of Aquatic Versus Kata Techniques Training on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Soleyman Ansari1 · Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadeh2 · Fahimeh AdibSaber3 · Masoumeh Shojaei4 · Afkham Daneshfar4 Accepted: 4 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effect of a land-based and a swimming-based exercise program on balance abilities in children with autism. Thirty children were voluntarily selected and randomly assigned to karate exercise, aquatic training and control groups. Participants practiced for 10 weeks, 2 sessions of 60 min per week. Before and after the 10-week intervention, static and dynamic balance tests were administered. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on balance abilities (p AG > CG (number of feet) Static Balance (sec) 4.20 (0.918) 6.00 (1.15) 4.50 (0.84) 6.80 (1.03) 4.30 (0.94) 4.50 (1.43) 10.233* 0.001 0.44 KG > AG > CG
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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
aqua-based exercise program could differently impact on balance performances of ASD children than a land-based exercise training. The first result of this study showed that both aquatic and kata techniques training improved the time of static balance test in ASD children. This outcome is in line with Yilmaz et al. (2004) and Kim et al (2016). Yilmaz et al. resulted that after the 10 weeks of swimming training, the static balance scores significantly increased. Moreover, Kim et al. investigated the effects of an 8-week Taekwondo intervention on balance in 14 children with ASD. After the intervention, the Taekwondo group displayed greater improvement in the single-leg stance balance than the control group. Another finding of this study revealed that the number of feet in a dynamic balance test significantly increased due to aquatic and kata techniques training in children with ASD. This result agrees with Bumin et al (2003), Kim et al (2016), Battaglia et al (2019), and Sarabzadeh et.al (2019) outcomes. Bumin et al. found that walking balance improved in an 11-year-old girl with Rett syndrome, after 8 weeks of hydrotherapy. In addition to this, Kim et al. discovered that the Taekwondo training program caused a greater improvement in the double leg stance balance with an unstable surface. Furthermore, Battaglia et al. founded that the swimming-based program was effective for the development of gross-motor skills (including balance) in adolescents with ASD. Sarabzadeh et.al, also founded that six weeks of Tai Chi Chuan training could improve balance and motion coordination in ASD children aged 6–12 years. Previous studies have found that children with ASD are more likely to have disturbed motor functioning and poor balance compared to their normally developing peers ones (Bhat et al. 2011; Memari et al. 2013; Sam et al. 2017; Travers et al. 2013). It has been reported that balance, either static or dynamic is the main important variable for daily perform
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