The effects of National High-tech Industrial Development Zones on economic development and environmental pollution in Ch
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The effects of National High-tech Industrial Development Zones on economic development and environmental pollution in China during 2003–2018 Xibei Wang 1 & Yanchao Feng 2 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Utilizing National High-tech Industrial Development Zones (NHIDZs) as a quasi-natural experiment, this study has adopted 285 prefecture and above cities from 2003 to 2018 in China as the research samples and constructed the difference-in-differences (DID) and spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) models to investigate the effects of NHIDZs on economic development and environmental pollution at national, regional, and administrative levels. The results show that NHIDZs have basically achieved a win-win situation in promoting economic development and reducing environmental pollution at the national level. However, spatial heterogeneity is supported at regional and administrative levels. Specifically, “the law of diminishing marginal effect” of NHIDZs is proved in the eastern cities and key cities, which reveals the uneven development pattern of government leading in China, and highlights the importance and necessary of making policy according to local conditions and governing environmental pollution by classification. Keywords Spatial difference-in-differences . National High-tech Industrial Development Zones . Economic development . Environmental pollution . Spatial heterogeneity
Introduction Since the launch of reform and opening up policies in 1978, China’s economic growth has achieved increasing attention throughout the world, while the traditional “high consumption, high pollution, and high emission” model has led to severe resource waste and environmental damage (Feng et al. 2019). In addition, this extensive development model has gradually become powerless in recent years, and some cities even plagued by economic retrogression and environmental pollution simultaneously (Li and Feng 2016). Hence, Responsible Editor: Nicholas Apergis * Yanchao Feng [email protected] Xibei Wang [email protected] 1
School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
how to achieve a win-win situation of economic development and environmental protection has become a priority for the Chinese government (Chen and Han 2016; He et al. 2018). In particular, many nations/regions have established various types of spatial organizations such as University Towns (Ye et al. 2014), Science Towns (Oh 2002), Science Parks (Chen et al. 2006; Cheng et al. 2014; Das and Lam 2016; Xie et al. 2018), Knowledge Parks (Benneworth and Ratinho 2014), High-tech parks (Cao 2004), and National/ Regional High-tech Industrial Development Zones (Chen et al. 2018). Of the above spatial organizations, National High-tech Industrial Development Zones (hereafter NHIDZs) play a key role in the process of marketiz
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