The effects of temperature and host size on the development of Brachymeria lasus parasitising Hyphantria cunea
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The effects of temperature and host size on the development of Brachymeria lasus parasitising Hyphantria cunea Shuo Tian1,2 · Tianzi Gu1,2 · Cong Chen1,2 · Xudong Zhao1,2 · Pengcheng Liu1,2 · Dejun Hao1,2
Received: 3 July 2019 / Accepted: 14 November 2019 © Northeast Forestry University 2020
Abstract Brachymeria lasus Walker is a solitary endoparasitoid that attacks the pupae of a wide range of lepidopteran hosts, including an important invasive species, the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury). We studied the relationship between temperature and development of B. lasus from egg to adult hatching. The results show a decrease in parasitoid development time from 34.4 days at 18 °C to 10.6 days at 32 °C. The minimum threshold temperature of B. lasus was 13.2 °C ± 1.7 °C, and the effective accumulated temperature was 210.3 ± 28.7 degree days. These results provide a basis for optimizing the production of this parasitoid. In addition, the effects of host size on offspring performance of B. lasus were investigated under laboratory conditions. Offspring longevity, size, and percentage of females were positively correlated with host size. Female offspring are larger and live longer than males. Furthermore, this research Project Funding: The work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1200400) and the research and innovation project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province (KYLX18_0957). The online version is available at https://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-020-01099-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dejun Hao [email protected] 1
Co‑Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
showed that parasitoid adults successfully emerged from approximately 27.9% of pupae. However, eclosion or hatching of H. cunea decreased dramatically, which may be due to damage caused by female B. lasus when testing hosts with their ovipositors or by feeding on them. The results suggest that B. lasus has the potential to become an efficient natural enemy for controlling H. cunea. Keywords Hyphantria cunea · Brachymeria lasus · Parasitoid · Temperature · Development · Fitness
Introduction The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), is native to North America and was accidentally introduced into Central Europe and East Asia in the 1940s (Itô and Miyashita 1968). In 1979, it was discovered in Dandong City, Liaoning Province, China, subsequently expanding to Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hubei, and Jiangsu provinces (Ji et al. 2003; Xu et al. 2017; Deng et al. 2018). This moth has caused unprecedented damage to forests, urban trees, and agricultural crops as a polyphagous defoliator able to feed on a wide
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