The Einstein Relation in Compound Semiconductors Under Size Quantization

In recent years, with the advent of fine lithographical methods [1], molecular beam epitaxy [2], organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy [3], and other experimental techniques, the restriction of the motion of the carriers of bulk materials in one (ultrathin f

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materials science

116

Springer Series in

materials science Editors: R. Hull

R. M. Osgood, Jr.

J. Parisi

H. Warlimont

The Springer Series in Materials Science covers the complete spectrum of materials physics, including fundamental principles, physical properties, materials theory and design. Recognizing the increasing importance of materials science in future device technologies, the book titles in this series ref lect the state-of-the-art in understanding and controlling the structure and properties of all important classes of materials. 99 Self-Organized Morphology in Nanostructured Materials Editors: K. Al-Shamery and J. Parisi 100 Self Healing Materials An Alternative Approach to 20 Centuries of Materials Science Editor: S. van der Zwaag 101 New Organic Nanostructures for Next Generation Devices Editors: K. Al-Shamery, H.-G. Rubahn, and H. Sitter 102 Photonic Crystal Fibers Properties and Applications By F. Poli, A. Cucinotta, and S. Selleri 103 Polarons in Advanced Materials Editor: A.S. Alexandrov 104 Transparent Conductive Zinc Oxide Basics and Applications in Thin Film Solar Cells Editors: K. Ellmer, A. Klein, and B. Rech 105 Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors and Material Systems Physics and Technology Editor: A. Erol 106 Into The Nano Era Moore’s Law Beyond Planar Silicon CMOS Editor: H.R. Huff 107 Organic Semiconductors in Sensor Applications Editors: D.A. Bernards, R.M. Ownes, and G.G. Malliaras

109 Reactive Sputter Deposition Editors: D. Depla and S. Mahieu 110 The Physics of Organic Superconductors and Conductors Editor: A. Lebed 111 Molecular Catalysts for Energy Conversion Editors: T. Okada and M. Kaneko 112 Atomistic and Continuum Modeling of Nanocrystalline Materials Deformation Mechanisms and Scale Transition By M. Cherkaoui and L. Capolungo 113 Crystallography and the World of Symmetry By S.K. Chatterjee 114 Piezoelectricity Evolution and Future of a Technology Editors: W. Heywang, K. Lubitz, and W. Wersing 115 Lithium Niobate Defects, Photorefraction and Ferroelectric Switching By T. Volk and M. W¨ohlecke 116 Einstein Relation in Compound Semiconductors and Their Nanostructures By K.P. Ghatak, S. Bhattacharya, and D. De 117 From Bulk to Nano The Many Sides of Magnetism By C.G. Stefanita

108 Evolution of Thin-Film Morphology Modeling and Simulations By M. Pelliccione and T.-M. Lu

Volumes 50–98 are listed at the end of the book.

Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak Sitangshu Bhattacharya Debashis De

Einstein Relation in Compound Semiconductors and Their Nanostructures With 253 Figures

123

Professor Dr. Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak University of Calcutta, Department of Electronic Science Acharya Prafulla Chandra Rd. 92, 700 009 Kolkata, India E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Sitangshu Bhattacharya Nanoscale Device Research Laboratory Center for Electronics Design Technology Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India E-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Debashis De West Bengal University of Technology, Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering 700 064 Kolkata, India E-mail: debashis