The Electronic Health Record in Ophthalmology: Usability Evaluation Tools for Health Care Professionals
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REVIEW
The Electronic Health Record in Ophthalmology: Usability Evaluation Tools for Health Care Professionals Abison Logeswaran . Yu Jeat Chong . Matthew R. Edmunds
Received: September 17, 2020 / Accepted: October 10, 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
ABSTRACT Introduction: The adoption of the electronic health record (EHR) has grown rapidly in ophthalmology. However, despite its potential advantages, its implementation has often led to dissatisfaction amongst health care professionals (HCP). This can be addressed using a user centred design (UCD) which is based on the philosophy that ‘the final product should suit the users, rather than making the users suit the product’. There is often no agreed best practice on the role of HCPs in the UCD process. In this paper, we describe practical qualitative methodologies that can be used by HCPs in the design, implementation and evaluation of ophthalmology EHRs. Methods: A review of current qualitative usability methodologies was conducted by practising ophthalmologists who are also qualified health informaticians.
A. Logeswaran Topol Digital Health Fellow, Health Education England, London, UK Y. J. Chong (&) University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK e-mail: [email protected] M. R. Edmunds Department of Ophthalmology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
Results: We identified several qualitative methodologies that could be used for EHR evaluation. These include: 1
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Tools for user centred design: shadowing and autoethnography, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires Tools for summative testing: card sort and reverse card sort, retrospective think aloud protocol, wireframing, screenshot testing and heat maps
Conclusion: High-yield, low-fidelity tools can be used to engage HCPs with the process of ophthalmology EHR design, implementation and evaluation. These methods can be used by HCPs without the requirement for prior training in usability science, and by clinical centres without significant technical requirements. Keywords: Electronic health records; Electronic patient records; Ophthalmology; User experience
Ophthalmol Ther
Key Summary Points The adoption of the electronic health record (EHR) has grown rapidly in ophthalmology. However, despite its potential advantages, its implementation has often led to dissatisfaction amongst health care professionals (HCP). High-yield, low-fidelity tools can be used to engage HCPs with the process of ophthalmology EHR design, implementation and evaluation. These methods can be used by HCPs without the requirement for prior training in usability science, and by clinical centres without significant technical requirements.
DIGITAL FEATURES This article is published with digital features, including a summary slide, to facilitate understanding of the article. To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.13067279.
INTRODUCTION Electronic health records (EHRs) are defined by the International Organization for Standardization as ‘‘a repositor
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