The engineering assessments and potential aggregate analysis of mesozoic carbonates of Kohat Hills Range, KP, Pakistan
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The engineering assessments and potential aggregate analysis of mesozoic carbonates of Kohat Hills Range, KP, Pakistan Gohar Rehman1 · Guangcheng Zhang1 · Maqsood Ur Rahman2 · Naveed Ur Rahman3 · Tariq Usman4 · Muhammad Imraz3 Received: 11 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó 2020
Abstract China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is the ongoing mega construction project in Pakistan. This project provides multi trading routes like roads, railways and fiber optics to more than 70 countries. Additionally, local infrastructure and industrial zones construction in Pakistan is also the part of this project. This construction needs a considerable amount of construction materials. Therefore, the Mesozoic carbonates were studied in the vicinity of Kohat Hills Range, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, for the fundamental engineering assessments. The Mesozoic carbonates are extensively exposed in Kohat Hills Range. The petrographic observations reveal that these carbonates are dominantly composed of limestone with subordinate dolomites. The limestone is well preserved and not extensively affected by diagenesis, which affects the aggregate capability, and there was not found any deleterious material which can cause alkali–silica reaction and alkali–carbonate reaction. Likewise, the fundamental engineering tests were performed, which shows proper matching with petrographic observation. The specific gravity, water absorption, soundness, los angeles abrasion value, unite weight, impact value, flakiness and elongation, bitumen coating, and crushing values reveal that these aggregates are well according to the specified limits of the international standards AASHTO, ASTM, and BS. Based on the results obtained, the Mesozoic carbonates of the Kohat Hills rang are recommended as potential aggregate resources for megaprojects like CPEC and other ongoing construction projects. Keywords CPEC · Construction materials · Carbonates petrography · Engineering properties
1 Introduction Geotechnical investigation is standout amongst the essential undertaking for the quality, life, and safety of the heavy and light construction, i.e., dams, roads, tunnels, and bridges (Rahman et al. 2016). The geotechnical investigation provides a comprehensive primary * Gohar Rehman [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica
impression of the designing and topographical parts of the proposed site and indicates whether further investigation of the site is warranted (Rahman et al. 2016). Likewise, the rock aggregates are the essential materials in the construction like roads, highways, buildings, railway tracks, water canals, and other associated construction. In the aggregate industry, commonly refer to the sedimentary rock limestone (Kamani and Ajalloeian 2019). Around 90% of the asphalt pavements and 80% of the concrete used in buildings and roads consist of rocks aggregate (Tepordei 2005). The rock aggregates must have t
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