The Environment of Man

Environment of Man is the eighth of the Croom Helm series of mono­ graphs on Biology and the Environment. The first volume, by this author, was a straightforward review of the principles of ecology as applied to the history of the earth. The second volume

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BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT General Editor:

Richard N. T- W-Fiennes ECOLOGY AND EARTH HISTORY Richard N. T- W-Fiennes TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS J.L. Qouds/ey-Thompson WATER AS A PRODUCTIVE ENVIRONMENT c.F. Hickling THE LIVING OCEAN: MARINE MICROBIOLOGY E.!. Ferguson-Wood THE BIOLOGY OF POPULATION GROWTH Robert L. Snyder MAN AND WILDLIFE L. Harrison Matthews MAN AND NATURAL RESOURCES: AN AGRICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Sir Cedric Stanton Hicks

The Environment of Man RICHARD N. T-W-FIENNES

CROOM HELM LONDON

© 1978 R.N. T-W-Fiennes Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1978 Croom Helm Ltd, 2-10 St John's Road, London SWll British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Fiennes, Richard The environment of man. 1. Environmentally induced diseases I. Title 616.07'1 RB152 ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9872-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9870-1

BiddIes Ltd, Guildford, Surrey

e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4615-9870-1

CONTENTS

Introduction Longevity in Man and Animals

9

2 The Emergence of Man

21

3 Geographical Medicine

31

4 Problems of Nutrition

41

5 New Diseases

61

6 Gloom and Doom

72

7 Stress in a Crowded World

84

8 Genetics and Inheritance

95

9 Cardio-Vascular Disease-Horror and Dismay

118

10 Cancer-Ignorance and Fear

130

11 Inflating the Balloon

141

Appendix: Stress and Cardio-Vascular Disease

145

Bibliography

150

Index

152

INTRODUCTION

Environment of Man is the eighth of the Croom Helm series of monographs on Biology and the Environment. The first volume, by this author, was a straightforward review of the principles of ecology as applied to the history of the earth. The second volume by J.L. Cloudesley-Thompson applied ecological principles to terrestrial habitats, and was followed by two volumes by C. F. Hickling and E. J. Ferguson-Wood on the ecology of aquatic habitats. The fifth volume, by Robert L. Snyder, reviews the natural ecological safeguards which control excessive growth of popUlation and discusses how these are operative in relation to the human race. Snyder's volume introduces man to the ecological scene and leads to the monograph by L. Harrison Matthews on the relationships of man with wildlife. In the seventh volume, Sir Cedric Stanton Hicks introduces us to the effects of agriculture on the ecology of the earth. The present volume takes us further into the realms of human ecology. Much has been written of the dire effects of human activity on the earth's habitats, where ... every prospect pleases, and only man is vile'. I have here attempted to assess the problems, with which man has been faced during the past fifteen thousand years or so; how, in order to survive, he has been launched on an inflationary course; how there is no escape from this course; and how he may shape his future. Along the inflationary path, new obstacles arise at every tum. The way of the human transgressor is hard. Richard Fiennes February 1978

1

LONGEVITY IN MAN AND ANII\~ALS

It is often supposed that there is some predetermined age to which animals will live under wild conditions, provided that they can avoid pr