The EUMETNET AutoPollen programme: establishing a prototype automatic pollen monitoring network in Europe
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The EUMETNET AutoPollen programme: establishing a prototype automatic pollen monitoring network in Europe Bernard Clot . Stefan Gilge . Lenka Hajkova . Dona´t Magyar . Helfried Scheifinger . Mikhail Sofiev . Fabienne Bu¨tler . Fiona Tummon
Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Operational pollen monitoring networks have developed across Europe, and the world more generally, in response to the increasing prevalence of pollen allergy and asthma. Routine pollen observations are in large part currently still based on timeintensive manual techniques developed in the 1950s. These methods suffer from low temporal resolution and long delays in data availability. Recent technological developments are revolutionising the field making real-time high-temporal resolution measurements possible. This paper describes the rationale
behind the EUMETNET AutoPollen programme, which aims to develop a prototype automatic pollen monitoring network across Europe. We provide a brief description of the current state-of-the-art, then an overview of new technologies, and finally the main tasks of the AutoPollen programme. Keywords Pollen monitoring network Automatic Real-time AutoPollen
1 Introduction B. Clot F. Bu¨tler F. Tummon (&) Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] S. Gilge German Meteorological Service, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Germany L. Hajkova Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic D. Magyar National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary H. Scheifinger Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, Vienna, Austria M. Sofiev Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of pollen allergy and asthma in Europe has increased fourfold, now affecting between 15 and 40% of the population. This level continues to increase, with approximately 25% of the adult population being affected but nearly 30–40% of children having allergies (Laatikainen et al. 2011; Ro¨nmark et al. 2009). The reasons for this increase remain elusive but are likely a complex combination of various environmental and lifestyle factors, including increased population susceptibility and co-exposure to anthropogenic pollutants (Laatikainen et al. 2011; Pearce et al. 2007; Sunyer et al. 2004). A range of recent studies has also shown that climate change will worsen the impact of allergy in the coming decades. This is due to a combination of factors: longer flowering periods resulting from
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Aerobiologia
temperature increases, more plant productivity and higher pollen emissions due to increased CO2 concentrations, increased allergen concentrations in pollen grains because of various stress factors such as heat or air pollution (Damialis et al. 2019; Ziska et al, 2019; Lake et al. 2017; D’amato et al. 2014; IPCC 2007; Riedl and Diaz-Sanchez 2005), and the extension of ranges of various introduced aller
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