The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy New, Updated and Completely Revise

“The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy quickly established itself as a classic when it first appeared in 1981. This edition makes it even better, incorporating as it does new material about the Cold War and up-dating to include subsequent developments. Filled

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EDITION

Lawrence Freedman Jeffrey Michaels

THE EVOLUTION OF

NUCLEAR STRATEGY

N E W , U P D AT E D A N D C O M P L E T E LY R E V I S E D

Fourth Edition

The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy

Lawrence Freedman • Jeffrey Michaels

The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy New, Updated and Completely Revised Fourth Edition

Lawrence Freedman Department of War Studies King’s College London London, UK

Jeffrey Michaels Department of Defence Studies King’s College London London, UK

ISBN 978-1-137-57349-0    ISBN 978-1-137-57350-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57350-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 First edition published 1981 Second edition 1989 Third edition 2003 Fourth edition 2019 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: design by Tjaša Krivec and Fatima Jamadar This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Limited The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom

Preface

When this book was first published in 1981 it was 36 years since the first and still the only use of nuclear weapons in anger. At the time of publication tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were on the rise and the nuclear issue had moved to the centre of political debate across the western world. A nuclear war was being actively discussed as a real possibility. This new edition is published with another 38 years having passed. There have been many terrible events during these years, including vicious conflicts that have left millions dead, wounded or displaced from their homes, but still a catastrophic nuclear war has been avoided. This fortunate sta