The Evolution Process of the Ancient Chinese Yaozhou Porcelain
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P. L. Leung , Luo ilongjie -, Li Jiazhi'", Michael J. Stokes" *Dept. Physics and materials Sciences. City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong **Dept. of Engineering and materials Science, Northwest Institute of Light Industry, P R. China -*Shangnai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai P. R. China
ABSTRACT The chemical composition (body and glaze) of over thirty Yaozhou porcelain fragments are determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Statistical analysis of these results combined with data already published indicate that the full evolution process of Yaozhou porcelain can be divided into four stages. Each stage exhibits a characteristic composition determined by the raw materials and batch composition used to produce the porcelain bodies and glazes. Almost all of Yaozhou celadon and white ware glazes belong predominantly to the CaO-type glaze (or lime glaze), but the glazes of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 960-1280) and later periods have higher K20 content and less CaO than the earlier periods. Key words: Ancient Chinese porcelain; Statistical analysis; Evolution process of ancient Yaozhou porcelain. INTRODUCTION Located in Huangpu, Tongchuan, Shaanxi province, the Yaozhou kiln is famous in Chinese history[l]. It began to manufacture porcelain in the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907), flourishing during the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 960-1127). It has produced many kinds of pottery and porcelain, including black ware, white ware and celadon, although celadon has been the most noteworthy product from ancient times[2]. The combination of suitable raw materials and high manufacturing skills made the Yaozhou celadon product so attractive that it lead to the process being imitated in many neighbouring kilns. In Henan and Guangxi provinces ancient local products have recently been unearthed that have a similar style to Yaozhou celadon and some of these are now shown in the Museum of Ancient Yaozhou Porcelain. In the Northern Song Dynasty the Yaozhou kiln became the major, important site for porcelain manufacture. At that time the kilns along the river in Huangpu were described as stretching for ten miles. Recent archeological findings along the river support this description. In recent years archaeologists have unearthed a large quantity of porcelain fragments and items used in the porcelain manufacturing process. Much important research[1,3-6] has been done on a number of different aspects of the production process, however the study of the full evolution of the Yaozhou porcelain from a scientific approach hasn't been done yet.
405 Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 462 @1997 Materials Research Society
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS The chemical composition of body and glaze for over thirty typical, representative fragments of various dynasties are determined by standard X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) using a high resolution Si(Li) detector. The estimated uncertainty is about 5 %. STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
The chemical composition for 93 Yaozhou porcelain bodies and 83 Yaozhou porcelain glazes (including the r
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