The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life The Search for Our Cosm

Regarding his discoveries, Sir Isaac Newton famously said, "If I have seen further it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants."The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life describes, complete with fascinating biographical details of the thinkers

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Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life The Search for Our Cosmic Roots Second Edition

The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life

Pekka Teerikorpi Mauri Valtonen Kirsi Lehto Harry Lehto Gene Byrd Arthur Chernin •









The Evolving Universe and the Origin of Life The Search for Our Cosmic Roots Second Edition

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Pekka Teerikorpi Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turku, Finland

Mauri Valtonen Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turku, Finland

Kirsi Lehto Department of Biology University of Turku Turku, Finland

Harry Lehto Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku Turku, Finland

Gene Byrd Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

Arthur Chernin Sternberg Astronomical Institute Moscow University Moscow, Russia

ISBN 978-3-030-17920-5 ISBN 978-3-030-17921-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17921-2

(eBook)

1st edition: © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2nd edition: © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: ESO/Y. Beletsky horsehead nebula credit NASA/ESA/HST This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface to the Second Edition

After our book was first published in 2008, many new discoveries have widened and deepened our knowledge of the physical universe, both the macroscopic realm of planets, stars, and galaxies and the microscopic world of atoms and elementary particles. Some example numbers illustrate this development. In 2008, about 300 exoplanets around other stars were known. Now, the number is almost 4000. The Hipparcos space telescope had measured some 100,000 parallaxes (distances) for stars in the Milky Way, while now its successor Gaia has co