The Exo-Weather Report Exploring Diverse Atmospheric Phenomena Aroun
David Stevenson’s new book links the meteorology of the Earth to that of other planets, stars, and clusters of galaxies, showing the similarities and differences between terrestrial weather and that of weather on other worlds. Because Earth is not unique
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The ExoWeather Report
Exploring Diverse Atmospheric Phenomena Around the Universe
Astronomers’ Universe
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6960
David S. Stevenson
The Exo-Weather Report Exploring Diverse Atmospheric Phenomena Around the Universe
David S. Stevenson Carlton le Willows Academy Nottingham, UK
ISSN 1614-659X ISSN 2197-6651 (electronic) Astronomers’ Universe ISBN 978-3-319-25677-1 ISBN 978-3-319-25679-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25679-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943436 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Cover photo by Flickr user Groman123 used under a CC BY-SA 2.0 license Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
This book is dedicated to my sisters Avril Stevenson-Davies, Karen Suzuki, and Mairi Allardice and their families; and to my cousin Lesley Duncan.
Preface
My father fought in both World Wars. In 1915, aged 16 he joined the British Navy, serving on HMS Orion. Training in communications, he ultimately took the surrender of the German Fleet, passing the terms of surrender to the German High Command (Fig. 1). During the Second World War, my father served in the merchant fleet and took part in the evacuation of Dunkirk. The science of meteorology took off during the First World War, because it became understood that the weather was a key variable in winning battles. There were obvious patterns, such as the “lowering of the sky” ahead of a rain, but the term front had yet to be coined, except outside the unpleasant confines of the Trenches. Changes in wind direction and cloud cover were noted as rain bands came and went as well as the turning of the seasons (Fig. 1). However, it wasn’t until the late nineteenth century before much of the underlying science was known and not until the 1920s that our
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