The first records of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae), a causative agent of human sparganosis,
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The first records of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae), a causative agent of human sparganosis, in Latvian wildlife Guna Bagrade 1 & Ivica Králová-Hromadová 2 & Eva Bazsalovicsová 2 Alžbeta Radačovská 2 & Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska 3
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Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Diphyllobothriid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are causative agents of sparganosis, food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease. They have been recorded in broad spectrum of hosts, including humans, in all continents except Antarctica. Spirometra tapeworms have been intensively studied in several Asian countries; however, they have been rather neglected in Europe. The aim of this study was to provide a pilot screening of Spirometra spp. in Latvia, where data on sparganosis are not available. Tapeworms morphologically identified as diphyllobothriid species were isolated from grey wolves Canis lupus and Eurasian lynxes Lynx lynx from Latvia during the hunting periods 2013–2019. The parasites were subjected to molecular genotyping using sequences of the partial large (LSU rDNA; 615 bp) and small (SSU rDNA; 720 bp) subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and complete (1566 bp) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of the mitochondrial DNA (cox1 mtDNA). Analyses of both ribosomal subunits of 13 tapeworms revealed no intraspecific variation within the respective rDNA subunits. On the other hand, sequence analysis of mitochondrial cox1 revealed intraspecific polymorphism displayed by 12 cox1 haplotypes. Comparison of the current data with sequences of the corresponding DNA regions deposited in the GenBank revealed 99.3–99.5% (LSU rDNA), 99.2% (SSU rDNA) and 99.6–100% (cox1 mtDNA) identity of studied tapeworms with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, which provided the first confirmation of this diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Latvia. Since S. erinaceieuropaei is probably prevalent in Latvian wildlife and may also occur in other potential host species, further studies are needed in order to acquire complex data on its geographic distribution and transmission in the natural environment of Latvia, as well as on the spectrum of its intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts. Keywords Lynx lynx . Canis lupus . Parasitic zoonosis . Definitivehost . Molecular genotyping . RibosomalDNA . Mitochondrial DNA
Introduction Sparganosis is a food-borne zoonosis caused by larval stages (plerocercoids) of diphyllobothriid tapeworms of the genus Section Editor: Hiroshi Sato * Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska [email protected] 1
Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas 111, Salaspils LV-2169, Latvia
2
Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
3
Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
Spirometra (Liu et al. 2015). They have been recorded in humans, domesticated and wild animals in all continents except Antarctica (Scholz et al. 2019). Although sev
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