The global prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis based on a systematic review
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Rheumatology International https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04731-0
INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The global prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta‑analysis based on a systematic review Khalid Almutairi1,2 · Johannes Nossent1,3 · David Preen4 · Helen Keen1,5 · Charles Inderjeeth1,3 Received: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The objective is to determine the global population prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on population-based studies and assess factors that influence RA prevalence estimates. Four electronic databases were searched (ProQuest Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE) for peer-reviewed English publications that report prevalence estimates of RA from 1980 and 2019. We included case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies in our search strategy. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to produce the pooled prevalence estimates. The potential between-study heterogeneity was identifiedusing sensitivity analysis, sub-group and meta-regression analyses. A total of 67 studies were included in the meta-analysis, containing 742,246 RA patients and 211,592,925 healthy controls in the study period. The global RA prevalence estimate was 0.46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.54; I2 = 99.9%) with a 95% prediction interval (0.06–1.27). The RA point-prevalence was 0.45% (95% CI 0.38–0.53%) between 1986 and 2014, while the pooled period-prevalence was 0.46% (95% CI 0.36% and 0.57%) from 1955 to 2015. The highest RA pooled prevalence (0.69%; 95% CI 0.47–0.95) was derived from linked data source studies. Based on meta-regression, the factors that explain the studies’ heterogeneity of RA prevalence, including geographical location, the risk bias assessment of studies and sample size. The global prevalence of RA between 1980 and 2019 was 460 per 100,000 population, with variations due to geographical location and study methodology. Linked data are the preferred method to estimate RA population prevalence as they provide the best case ascertainment. Keywords Arthritis · Rheumatoid · Prevalence · Meta-analysis · Epidemiology
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04731-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Khalid Almutairi [email protected] 1
School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
2
King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Burydah, Saudi Arabia
3
Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group, Perth, Australia
4
School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
5
Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterised by painful joint inflammation which may cause destructive bone erosions [1].
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