The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of Neopanorpa longiprocessa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of Neopanorpa longiprocessa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) Na Ma 1 & Yu-Xin Zhang 1 & Chao Yue 1 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The salivary glands of Panorpidae usually exhibit distinct sexual dimorphism and are closely related to the nuptial feeding behavior. In this study, the salivary glands of Neopanorpa longiprocessa were investigated using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The salivary glands are tubular labial glands and consist of a scoop-shaped salivary pump, a common salivary duct, and a pair of salivary tubes. The male and female salivary glands are remarkably different in the bifurcation position of the common salivary duct and the length and shape of the secretory tubes. Compared with the simple female salivary glands, the male’s are more developed as their paired elongated salivary tubes can be divided into two parts, the glabrate anterior tube and the posterior tube with many secretory tubules. The ultrastructural study shows that the male salivary tubes have strong secretory function. The existence of different secretion granules indicates that there are some chemical reactions or mixing occurring in the lumen. Based on the ultrastructural characteristics, the functions of the different regions of the salivary tube have been speculated. The relationship between the salivary glands and nuptial feeding behavior of N. longiprocessa has been briefly discussed based on the structure of the salivary glands. Keywords Morphology . Panorpid . Sexual dimorphism . Salivary tube . Secretion
Introduction Salivary glands of most insects are labial glands. They have been attracted more attention because they may play a pivotal role in physiological processes, such as osmotic regulation, defense against toxic substances, pathogen elimination, and anticoagulant secretion, besides the general function in extraoral digestion and food lubrication (Schin and Kroeger 1980; Billen et al. 1989; Del Bene et al. 1999; Martínez et al. 2015; Zhu et al. 2016; Berhanu et al. 2019; Cossolin et al. 2019). They usually exhibit great variation among different groups because of the great variation in mode of feeding and Handling Editor: Margit Pavelka * Chao Yue [email protected] 1
Henan Provincial Key laboratory of Funiu Mountain Insect Biology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, Henan, China
types of food consumed by different species (Walker 2009; Hidayah et al. 2013). In most insects, the salivary glands are acinuous and have a greater degree of structural complexity, usually composed of two or three main cell types. However, in some insect orders, the salivary glands are tubular, with the epithelial layer one cell thick, suc
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