The Hunt for Earth Gravity A History of Gravity Measurement from Gal
The author of this history of mankind’s increasingly successful attempts to understand, to measure and to map the Earth’s gravity field (commonly known as ‘little g’ or just ‘g’) has been following in the footsteps of the pioneers, intermittently an
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The Hunt for Earth Gravity A History of Gravity Measurement from Galileo to the 21st Century
The Hunt for Earth Gravity
Top: Rose de Freycinet arrives in Timor. Painting by Jacques Arago. Bottom: Marooned in the Arctic. The caption reads “The Arctic Dandies during their residence on Melville Island, 1819–1820. Drawn by Captain Sabine and partly coloured by him in 1822, completed by Edward Noble his godson in 1906”. Most of the ‘dandies’ seem rather under-dressed for temperatures that remained below −15°C from November until March. © 2015 Christies Images Limited
John Milsom
The Hunt for Earth Gravity A History of Gravity Measurement from Galileo to the 21st Century
John Milsom Gladestry Associates Presteigne, UK
ISBN 978-3-319-74958-7 ISBN 978-3-319-74959-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74959-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934918 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
… we come now to the other questions, relating to pendulums, a subject which may appear to many exceedingly arid Galileo Galilei: Two New Sciences
Preface
There are proper physicists and there are exploration geophysicists. To proper physicists, their brothers and sisters in exploration are people of uncouth lifestyles and suspect intelligence who abuse the most fundamental and mysterious force in the universe (gravity—the one that they themselves still do not understand) by treating it as a mere tool for looking at rocks. Few such people have ever worried about the possible non-equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass (although Loránd Eötvös did, in 189
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