The Image of China in Western Social and Political Thought
David Martin Jones examines how China has been portrayed in European and subsequently North American social and political thought and what, if anything, this depiction tells us about the character of this thought. Such a question immediately evokes the sp
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Also by David Martin Jones CONSCIENCE AND ALLEGIANCE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PACIFIC ASIA TOWARDS ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN PACIFIC ASIA
The Image of China in Western Social and Political Thought David Martin Jones Senior Lecturer School of Government University of Tasmania
© David Martin Jones 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-91295-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-42272-2 DOI 10.1057/9781403905284
ISBN 978-1-4039-0528-4 (eBook)
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, David Martin. The Image of China in Western social and political thought / David Martin Jones. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Social sciences—Europe—History. 2. Social sciences—North America—History. 3. Political science—Europe—History. 4. Political science—North America—History. 5. China—Foreign public opinion. 6. Orientalism. I. Title. H53.E8 J66 2001 300’.9181’2—dc21 2001032129 10 10
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Contents Acknowledgements
vii
Introduction: the Bewilderment of Names and Images: East Asia in Western Social and Political Thought 1
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4
1
East Asia in the Early Modern European Imagination
14
Eighteenth century critics of virtuous China
28
Summary of the eighteenth century engagement
33
Ambassadors, Economists and Oriental Despots: the Early Nineteenth Century Understanding of China
37
Ambassadors and oriental despots
38
Sinology, philology and China
52
Conclusion
64
Nineteenth Century Progress and Arrested Civilizations
67
Romanticism, authenticity and China
70
The Aryan myth, the yellow race and the problem of degeneration
76
China and racial apotheosis in late nineteenth century Germany
81
Comte, Darwin, Spencer and Chinese evolution
85
Racial determini
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