The impact of metal pipe materials, corrosion products, and corrosion inhibitors on antibiotic resistance in drinking wa
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MINI-REVIEW
The impact of metal pipe materials, corrosion products, and corrosion inhibitors on antibiotic resistance in drinking water distribution systems Lee K. Kimbell 1
&
Yin Wang 2
&
Patrick J. McNamara 1
Received: 21 April 2020 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are unique engineering environments that are important routes for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water pose risks to human and environmental health. Metals are known stressors that can select for antibiotic resistance. The objective of this review was to assess the state of knowledge regarding the impact of metal pipe materials, corrosion products, and corrosion inhibitors on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in DWDS. ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been detected in full-scale DWDS in concentrations ranging from ~ 101 to 1010 copies/L. Metal pipe materials can select for bacteria harboring ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) through co-selection processes. Corrosion products that develop in metal drinking water pipes (Cu, Fe, and Pb oxides) may also stimulate antibiotic resistance selection during distribution. Different corrosion inhibitor regimes (phosphates, sodium silicates) may also have impacts on microbial communities and the abundance of resistance genes in DWDS. Research is needed to quantify how engineering decisions related to drinking water infrastructure and corrosion inhibitor practices impact the abundance and distribution of ARG, MRGs, and MGEs in potable water systems. Key points • Lack of quantitative measurements of antibiotic and metal resistance genes in drinking water distribution systems. • Pipe materials and corrosion products that develop in pipe scales may impact antibiotic resistance. • Corrosion inhibitors with zinc or phosphate could alter antibiotic resistance. • Management decisions should consider antibiotic resistance ramifications.
Keywords Antimicrobial resistance . ARG . Microbiome . Public health . Biofilm
Introduction Antibiotic resistance is considered a major global threat in the 21st century, and a return to a pre-antibiotic era is predicted without serious or immediate attention (WHO 2014). Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance
* Patrick J. McNamara [email protected] 1
Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
genes (ARGs) occur naturally but are selected for and enriched by exposure to antibiotics (Song et al. 2017), antimicrobials (Carey and McNamara 2015; Carey et al. 2016; Hartmann et al. 2016; Harrison et al. 2020), disinfectants (Chapman 2003; Zhang et al. 2017), and metals (Seiler and Berendonk 2012; Zhang et al
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