The Importance of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization Techniques in the Design of Tailor Made Nanoparticles for Dru
Recent developments in controlled/living radical polymerization methods (CLRP) have created the opportunity to prepare polymeric based systems with site specific functionality that has significantly expanded the range of physical and chemical properties t
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stract Recent developments in controlled/living radical polymerization methods (CLRP) have created the opportunity to prepare polymeric based systems with site specific functionality that has significantly expanded the range of physical and chemical properties that can be generated in materials prepared by these systems. For example, CLRP prepared block copolymers can self-assemble into nanoparticles that can be used in drug delivery applications. The development of synthetic procedures for preparation of materials targeting new and more efficient drug delivery systems (DDS) is of great interest since ultimately they can mimic most of the properties of biological systems. This chapter will initially discuss the key aspects of the development of nanotechnology for drug delivery. The cell internalization process will be described and related with the relevant properties required for the “nanocarrier systems”. Afterwards, a summary of the polymeric systems that can be used for DDS will be provided and the importance of CLRP methods in the preparation of polymer-based
N. Rocha • P. Mendonça • J.R. Góis • R. Cordeiro • A. Fonseca • P. Ferreira • J. Coelho () Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] T. Guliashvili GE Power and Water, Water and Process Technologies, 4636 Somerton Road, Trevose, PA 19053, USA K. Matyjaszewski Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA A. Serra Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal J. Coelho (ed.), Drug Delivery Systems: Advanced Technologies Potentially Applicable in Personalised Treatment, Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine 4, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6010-3__11, © Springer ScienceCBusiness Media Dordrecht 2013
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systems will be discussed. Finally, mechanisms of block copolymers self-assembly will be discussed and supported with some examples of CLRP-based self-assembly systems for drug delivery applications. Keywords Controlled/living radical polymerization • Self-assembly • Drug delivery systems • Targeting • Nanocarriers • Treatment tailored to the person
1 Nanotechnology for DDS Over the last decades, the use of nanotechnology to develop materials for drug delivery, namely nanocarrier systems, has been extensively studied in many areas of medicine [1]. This research has been driven by the problems associated with the direct use of drugs with no protection, in the body it can raise problems mainly related to the systemic side effects, premature degradation, and bioavailability [2]. In this context, the use of well designed drug delivery systems (DDS) allows the drug to be delivered in a controlled manner and targeted to the diseased tissue or cell while preventing damage to the adjacent healthy tissues or cells. Polymers, either biopolymers or synthetic polymers, provide an ideal opportunity for the development of an effective DDS due to the combinat
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