The Indian Mesozoic Chronicle Sequence Stratigraphic Approach
The book reviews and summarizes the Indian Mesozoic geological evolution in an innovative alternative perspective of sequence stratigraphy. It mainly focuses on the Jurassic interval, but also concisely discusses the preceding Triassic and Cretaceous geol
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Jai Krishna
The Indian Mesozoic Chronicle Sequence Stratigraphic Approach
Springer Geology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10172
Jai Krishna
The Indian Mesozoic Chronicle Sequence Stratigraphic Approach
123
Jai Krishna Former Professor and Head Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh India
ISSN 2197-9545 Springer Geology ISBN 978-981-10-2476-4 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2477-1
ISSN 2197-9553
(electronic)
ISBN 978-981-10-2477-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016952005 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #22-06/08 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
To the memory of my loving revered parents, Shyama and Parashuram, whose human values, upbringing, and guidance transformed me to what I am today at the youthful age of 71, and whatever little substance, endurance, and positivity I could realize in academics and personal life.
Foreword
No other era in the geological history of the earth was more significant and exciting than the Mesozoic. The Permian end witnessed the most pronounced extinction of life, when approximately 90–95 % of marine life and 70 % of terrestrial life perished. Thus in a way, life once again evolved almost from scratch during the Triassic, the oldest period of the Mesozoic. There was proliferation and rapid evolution of conodont animals and of ammonoids, appearance of dinosaurs and coral reefs. Initially, the Triassic sea is believed to have been shallow; it rapidly deepened in Early Triassic, followed by shallowing, particularly after the Carnian. During the Jurassic, the conodont animals disappeared though preponderance of ammonoids continued. The first bird Archaeopteryx app
