The influence of ecosystems on the entrepreneurship process: a comparison across developed and developing economies
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The influence of ecosystems on the entrepreneurship process: a comparison across developed and developing economies Maribel Guerrero & Francisco Liñán F. Rafael Cáceres-Carrasco
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Accepted: 4 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Over the past 30 years, the academic literature has legitimised the significant impact of environmental conditions on entrepreneurial activity. In the past 5 years, in particular, the academic debate has focused on the elements that configure entrepreneurship ecosystems and their influence on the creation of high-growth ventures. Previous studies have also recognised the heterogeneity of environmental conditions (including policies, support programs, funding, culture, professional infrastructure, university support, labour market, R&D, and market dynamics) across regions/countries. Yet, an in-depth discussion is required to address how environmental conditions vary per entrepreneurial stage of enterprises within certain regions/countries, as well as how these conditions determine the technological factor of
M. Guerrero Faculty of Economics and Business, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida la Plaza 680, Santiago, Chile
the entrepreneurial process. By reviewing the literature from 2000 to 2017, this paper analyses the environmental conditions that have influenced the transitions towards becoming potential entrepreneurs, nascent/new entrepreneurs, and established/consolidated entrepreneurs in both developed and developing economies. Our findings show why diversity in entrepreneurship and context is significant. Favourable conditions include professional support, incubators/accelerators, networking with multiple agents, and R&D investments. Less favourable conditions include a lack of funding sources, labour market conditions, and social norms. Our paper contributes by proposing a research agenda and implications for stakeholders. Keywords Entrepreneurship . Entrepreneurial process . Entrepreneurship ecosystems . Environmental conditions . Institutional economics . Socioeconomic stages . Research agenda
M. Guerrero (*) Northumbria Centre for Innovation, Regional Transformation, and Entrepreneurship (iNCITE), Newcastle Business School Northumbria Univesity, Sutherland Building, 2 Ellison Pl, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK e-mail: [email protected]
JEL classifications L26 . M13 . D02 . O33
F. Liñán : F. R. Cáceres-Carrasco Department of Applied Economics I, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 1, Sevilla 41018, Spain
In the past three decades, the literature has outlined the critical impact of environmental conditions on entrepreneurship and economic growth (Urbano et al. 2019). In the past 5 years especially, academic and public actors have focused on the configuration of thriving entrepreneurial ecosystems (Autio et al. 2014; Acs et al. 2017). It explains why the Silicon Valley entrepreneurial
F. Liñán School of Management, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Campus, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
1 Introduction
M. Guerrero et al.
ecosystem has capture
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