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plastic s t r a i n r a t i o # i s a p a r a m e t e r which allows evaluation of m a t e r i a l p e r f o r m a n c e u n d e r c o n ditions of pure d r a w i n g ) It has b e e n shown that the v a l u e i s a s s o c i a t e d with c r y s t a l t e x t u r e and that m a t e r i a l s with high (222) and low (200) components have high ~ v a l u e s and good d r a w i n g p r o p e r t i e s , z- 4 In p r e d i c t i n g the b e h a v i o r of a m a t e r i a l u n d e r f o r m i n g conditions w h e r e the m a j o r d e f o r m a t i o n mode is s t r e t c h i n g , it has b e e n shown that adequate u n i f o r m elongation and a high work h a r d e n i n g coefficient a r e i m p o r t a n t p a r a m e t e r s , s-7 while m o r e r e c e n t l y it has b e e n suggested that s t r e t c h f o r m i n g can be b e s t r e l a t e d to total elongation,a The steel grade which accounts for the m a j o r i t y of general forming applications is commercially proc e s s e d r i m m i n g steel, an alloy which c o n s i s t s b a s i cally of Fe, Mn, and C and which g e n e r a l l y h a s r a t h e r poor ~ v a l u e s ( ~ 1.2), and adequate ductility. The effects of v a r i o u s e l e m e n t s such as Cu,9- ~2 pfl-za Nb,1~ and Ti 9, ~2, ~4, ~s on i m p r o v i n g s t r u c t u r e and t e x t u r e have been i n v e s t i g a t e d . It h a s b e e n shown, for e x a m ple, that i n b i n a r y F e - 0 . 5 pct Mn* and F e - I pct Mn a / *(Percentage(pct) usedin this paperindicatesweightpercent.) loys poor ~ v a l u e s a r e produced, while i n an F e 0.003 pct Mn i n t e r m e d i a t e # v a l u e s ( ~ 1.6) a r e gene r a t e d at high cold r e d u c t i o n s 2 More r e c e n t l y , it has b e e n shown that i n a steel c o n t a i n i n g 0.05 to 0.06 pct C and 0.04 pct Si a n ~ v a l u e of 2.07 c a n be obtained at a m a n g a n e s e l e v e l of 0.05 pct while higher or lower m a n g a n e s e l e v e l s d e c r e a s e the ~ v a l u e , t6 However, l i t t l e work h a s been r e p o r t e d which e v a l nares in detail the individual and combined effects of m a n g a n e s e and c a r b o n on the p l a s t i c s t r a i n r a t i o and ductility of p u r e i r o n sheet. The p r e s e n t work was u n d e r t a k e n to g e n e r a t e useful i n f o r m a t i o n in this a r e a a s p a r t of a l a r g e r p r o g r a m to i n v e s t i g a t e the f o r m a t i o n of c r y s t a l t e x t u r e in F e - M n - C a l l o y s .

I. F. HUGHES is Senior Research Engineer, Inland Steel Company, Research Laboratories, East Chicago, Ind. E. W. PAGE, formerly Research Engineer, Inland Steel Company, Research Laboratories, is now at 1831 Berkeley, Pomona, Calif. Manuscript submitted January 15, 1971. METALLURGICALTRANSACTIONS

MATERIALS

AND PROCESSING

40 lb. laboratory ingots with various manganese and carbon additions were prepared from vacuum induction melted electrolytic iron. Some alloys were hydrogen deoxidized but most alloys were melted and cast under varying pressures of argon int