The Influence of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Experiences on Cigarette Craving for African American and Hispanic Smokers
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The Influence of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Experiences on Cigarette Craving for African American and Hispanic Smokers Darius B. Dawson 1,2,3,4
&
Terri L. Fletcher 1,2,3
Received: 26 June 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 # W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute 2020
Abstract Background Despite African Americans and Hispanics smoking equal or fewer cigarettes than White smokers, they experience more smoking-related diseases and have lower cessation rates, possibly due to cultural stress. This study examined the influence of racial/ethnic discrimination experiences in comparison to a general negative affect experience on cigarette craving among African American and Hispanic smokers. Methods African American and Hispanic smokers (N = 34) completed two writing tasks: one to elicit distressing experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and another to elicit distressing experiences of academic/job-related failure. Participants completed both tasks after being randomized into two groups to counterbalance order of tasks. Participants completed pre- and post-task measurements of cigarette craving and negative affect and were asked to retrospectively rate the level of distress produced by each experience about which they wrote. A series of ANOVAs were computed to assess differences in each condition. Results Cigarette craving significantly increased from baseline to post racial/ethnic discrimination task and post academic/job failure task (ps < 0.05). Negative affect did not increase from baseline to post-task for either group (ps > 0.05). The post academic/job-related failure writing task cigarette craving was significantly related to the distress rating of this task when controlling for negative affect (p < 0.05) but not the racial/ethnic discrimination task. Conclusions Results suggest recollection of racial/ethnic discrimination experiences has a similar impact on cigarette craving as recollection of academic/job-related failure experiences. It is important to examine cultural experiences linked to cigarette use among racial/ethnic minorities and continue experimental research among racial/ethnic minority smokers. Keywords Racial/ethnic discrimination . Cigarette craving . Racial/ethnic minority smokers
Introduction Despite prevalence rates of cigarette use of African American (14.6%) and Hispanic (9.8%) adults being equal to or less than those of White, non-Hispanic adults (15.0%), they are * Darius B. Dawson [email protected] 1
Houston VA HRS&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center (MEDVAMC 152), 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
2
Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
3
South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA
4
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
disproportionately impacted by the burden of cigarette use [1]. Cigarette use contributes to high rates of disease amo
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