The influence of seasonal river flooding in food consumption of riverine dwellers in the central Amazon region: an isoto
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The influence of seasonal river flooding in food consumption of riverine dwellers in the central Amazon region: an isotopic approach Cinthya Martins Jardim 1 & Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto 2 & Ana Carolina Barbosa de Lima 3,4 & Rodrigo de Jesus Silva 5 & Tatiana Schor 6 & José Aldemir de Oliveira 6 & Luiz Antonio Martinelli 7 Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 / Published online: 6 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In recent decades, the nutritional transition has been encroaching on remote rural areas of developing countries where feeding patterns are shifting from unprocessed foods to industrialized processed goods. Such changes in the Amazon region have been detected, for instance, by comparing the natural carbon (13C:12C) and nitrogen (15N:14N) isotopic ratios of people living in riverine communities with urban dwellers their putative diet. In this study, we considered how landscape variables impacted food consumption by comparing fingernail isotopic ratios of individuals in the rural settlement of Costa do Caldeirão located in the floodplain (várzea) of the Solimões River, and in the rural settlement of Paquequer located in a non-flooded area (terra-firme) near the Madeira River banks. A total of 70 fingernails were sampled for carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis during the low water period and again during the high water period from the same residents of the várzea and terra-firme. The consumption of C4-like resources (e.g., frozen chicken and canned meat) increased in both rural settlements during the high water period when C3-like resources (fish, cassava, rice, beans) are less available due to the flooding of lowland areas, but this difference was more pronounced in the terra-firme. The higher consumption of C4-like resources in the várzea compared to the terra-firme shows how seasonal flooding is a key factor influencing food security and health, due to stark variations in river water levels. While fish and farinha are still important staple foods, differences within rural settlements suggest that, besides seasonal variation and changes in water levels, other factors such as age, origin, and income may be crucial to understanding individual dietary behavior change in line with the nutritional transition model. Keywords Amazon . Brazil . Diet . Culture . Globalization . Capitalism . Stable isotope analysis
* Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto [email protected] 1
Programa de Pós-Graduação Sociedade e Cultura na Amazônia – Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
2
Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
3
Instituto de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
4
Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
5
Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Açaizal, Tomé-Açu, PA, Brazil
6
Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
7
Centr
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