The influence of thermomechanical treatment on the complex modulus of Mg alloy AZ31
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TRODUCTION
MAGNESIUM alloys have been the subject of considerable research because their low density makes them attractive for the construction of higher performance vehicles and lightweight portable devices.[1,2] One factor that prevents greater utilization of Mg alloys is their limited formability. The ability to rapidly stamp parts of different designs from sheets of standard sizes brings fabrication costs down and could bring the cost of Mg parts into the range required for many new applications. This, coupled with the currently growing demand for reduced vehicle weight to increase fuel efficiency, reduce pollution, and improve handling, has created opportunities for alternative materials, such as Mg, to be considered for automotive components. The automotive industry has increasing interest in Mg alloys, in general, as well as in the formability of new higher ductility, corrosion resistant, Mg alloys. For example, die-cast Mg components have been used for applications such as clutch housings, gearboxes, pedal brackets, instrument panel frames, integral seat frames, and wheel hub cover components.[3,4] However, the range of potential new applications for Mg alloys has been limited by the lack of knowledge and experience with forming Mg alloy sheet. In spite of the obvious advantages that lower density and higher strength materials offer, the automotive industry has had difficulty adopting these materials because they have limited experience with forming different alloys. This is primarily due to an incomplete understanding of how the propA. MUNITZ, Senior Researcher in Materials Science, is with the Nuclear Research Center–Negev, Beer-Sheeva 841900, Israel. R.E. RICKER, Metallurgist, and D.J. PITCHURE, Mechanical Engineering, are with the Metallurgy Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899. G. KIMMEL, formerly Visiting Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Western Institute for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Manuscript submitted August 20, 2004. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
erties of different types of materials actually influence forming behavior. One area of concern is the springback effect (i.e., the spontaneous shape change that occurs following a forming operation). It is estimated that the United States auto industry spends more than $700 million a year redesigning and correcting dies to compensate for springback.[5] Computer simulations have been and are being developed to eliminate or reduce the cost of die tryout and springback compensation. In many cases, these simulations have served to highlight the need for a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to springback and for measurement methods that quantify these mechanisms for use in springback prediction computer codes. The goal of this investigation was to develop a better understanding of the influence of thermal and mechanical treatments and the resulting microstructural
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