The investigation of asymptomatic swallowing disorder through surface electromyography in the geriatric population
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The investigation of asymptomatic swallowing disorder through surface electromyography in the geriatric population Arif Yüksel1,4 · Can Ahmet Kulan2 · Fehmi Akçiçek3 Received: 13 August 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Aim Swallowing is a vital activity. The difficulty while swallowing, referred to as swallowing disorder, is strongly associated with serious health problems in the elderly. The aim of this study is to enable early recognition of the swallowing function developing as an asymptomatic condition. Method Our study was conducted on elderly populations aged 65 years and over who met the exclusion criteria. Firstly, to be able to reach the number of sampling, “EAT-10 questionnaire”, which also has a Turkish validation, was used to eliminate those with symptomatic swallowing disorders. The number of patients we reached was 320, but 7 dropped out of the study and therefore the study was carried out with a total of 313 [reached as 97.8% (up 95% G-power)]. Result We used validated sEMG test in the quantitative (objective) detection of asymptomatic swallowing disorder. In this method, asymptomatic swallowing disorder was detected in 39 cases (12.4%). Conclusion Swallowing disorder without symptoms is frequent and the sEMG test is useful in detecting it in the elderly population. Keywords Elderly · Asymptomatic · Swallowing disorder · EMG
Introduction Swallowing is a complex sensorimotor phenomenon. The elderly are at higher risk for developing swallowing disorder. With aging, there can also be some changes in the swallowing mechanisms without organic disturbances. Frequently, this condition is referred to as “presbyphagia” (decreased swallowing function or asymptomatic swallowing dysfunction). The person is asymptomatic during this time and susceptibility to swallowing disorder can only be detected by special methods.
Although these functional changes may not seem to cause any swallowing problems in the healthy elderly, they actually make the elderly vulnerable to swallowing disorders [1]. It is estimated that the prevalence of symptomatic swallowing disorder in the elderly population is around 10–30% [2–4]. Early diagnosis of swallowing disorder is important in reducing aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition and ultimately mortality. In our study, we aimed to draw attention to the incidence of latent (asymptomatic) swallowing disorder and early diagnosis method as sEMG method.
* Arif Yüksel [email protected]
Swallowing event
1
Swallowing is an intricate sensory–motor incidence comprising both voluntary and involuntary movements, including anatomically oropharyngeal structures, laryngeal and respiratory muscles, as well as the upper part of the esophagus [5].The mean swallowing performed by individuals is around 500 times a day. Normal swallowing is a phenomenon in which more than 30 muscles in the head and neck are perfectly coordinated with the head pairs in addition to peripheral nerves to push the bolus safely and correctly to
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