The Kinetics of TiAl 3 Formation in Explosively Welded Ti-Al Multilayers During Heat Treatment
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DURING the past decades, great demand has been placed on the metallurgical community for the development of high strength-low weight substitutes for conventional nickel and cobalt-based superalloys for application in gas turbines as well as automotive and aerospace industry. This has generated a great deal of interest in studying the behavior of intermetallic compounds.[1] Aluminum-rich titanium aluminides are currently being considered potential materials for intermediate-temperature applications at 973 K to 1173 K (700 °C to 900 °C) due to their low densities and good oxidation resistances.[1–4] However, these materials have been traditionally considered as having low ductility and poor fracture toughness, which has to a large extent limited their practical application.[1,2,5] When two metals which are able to form intermediate alloy phases are brought into contact with each other,
FARZAD FOADIAN, Researcher, is with Center of Excellence for High Strength Alloys Technology (CEHSAT), School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 1684613114, Iran and also Research Assistant, with Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany. MANSOUR SOLTANIEH and MANDANA ADELI, Faculty Members, are with Center of Excellence for High Strength Alloys Technology (CEHSAT), School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology. Contact e-mail: [email protected] MAJID ETMINANBAKHSH, Engineer, is with Hezar Azar Company, Vali Asr Street, 1511735115 Tehran, Iran. Manuscript submitted January 25, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
layers of the intermediate phases may grow between the two metals as a result of the inter-diffusion process. This type of diffusion is of commercial importance in the coating or cladding of one metal with another, and in the diffusion bonding or pressure welding of different metals.[6,7] These solid-state interactions resulting in the formation of new chemical compounds effectively control the properties and the performance of a variety of materials. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the design, fabrication, and mechanical behavior of multilayered or laminated composites, such as ceramic–ceramic, metal–ceramic, metal–metal, and metal–intermetallic systems. It has been shown that enhanced strength and toughness in combination with improved damage resistance can be achieved in some of these composites. Among these, Ti-TiAl3 or Ni-Ni3Al metal–intermetallic laminate (MIL) composite systems have a great potential for aerospace, automotive, and other structural applications because of their combination of high strength, toughness, and stiffness at a lower density than monolithic titanium or other laminate systems. The ceramic-like aluminide phases (TiAl3 or Ni3Al) give high hardness and stiffness to the composite, while the unreacted Ti or Ni provides the necessary high strength, toughness, and ductility for the system to concu
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