The Light of Nature Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science
This volume of essays is meant as a tribute to Alistair Crombie by some of those who have studied with him. The occasion of its publication is his seven tieth birthday - 4 November 1985. Its contents are a reflection - or so it is hoped - of his own inte
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ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES D'HISTOIRE DES IDEES INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS
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THE LIGHT OF NATURE
Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science presented to A.C. Crombie Edited by 1.D. NORTH and 1.1. ROCHE
Directors: P. Dibon (Paris) and R. Popkin (Washington Univ., St. Louis) Editorial Board: J.F. Battail (Uppsala); F. Duchesneau (Montreal); T. Gregory (Rome); J .D. North (Groningen); M. J. Petry (Rotterdam); Ch. B. Schmitt (Warburg Inst., London). Advisory Editorial Board: J. Aubin (Paris); J. Collins (St. Louis Univ.); P. Costabel (Paris); A. Crombie (Oxford); H. de la Fontaine Verwey (Amsterdam); H. Gadamer (Heidelberg); H. Gouhier (Paris); K. Hanada (Hokkaido University); W. Kirsop (Melbourne); P.O. Kristeller (Columbia Univ.); Elisabeth Labrousse (Paris); A. Lossky (Los Angeles); J. Malarczyk (Lublin); E. de Olaso (C.I.F. Buenos Aires); J. Orcibal (Paris); Wolfgang ROd (Munchen); J. Roger (Paris); G. Rousseau (Los Angeles); H. Rowen (Rutgers uuiv., N.J.); J.P. Schobinger (Zurich); G. Sebba (Emory Univ., Atlanta); R. Shackleton (Oxford); J. Tans (Groningen).
THE LIGHT OF NATURE Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science presented to A.C. Crombie
Edited by
J.D. NORTH and J.J. ROCHE
1985
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for the United States and Canada: Kluwer A cademic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street , Hingham, MA 02043, USA for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LAI IRN, UK for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publi shers Group, Distribution Center, P .O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht , The Netherla nds
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publicalion Data lIaln e ntry under title' The Li ght of natur e . {Int e rnational archlv u of the hIstory of {dul , 110) Blbllography, p. I. Sclence--Klltory __ Ad d re u u, u u y' , hetHU. 2. Schnce--Phtlolophy __ Addreuu , es .. ys, l ec tures. ). Crombie, A. C. (Alistair C._roon), 19 D_ I. North, John Dlvld. II. Roch e, J. J. Ill. Cr","ble, A. C. ( Al istair Cam.ron), 19n_ IV. Serlu, Archlv u Intern.elonalu d'hiotoln des Idees; 110. QIH.).Ln 1995 ~09 85_ 71 8 2
ISBN-I3: 978-94-01 0-8763-6 DOl: 10.10071978-94-009-5 11 9-8
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009·5119·8
Copyright
© 1985 by Martinus Ni jhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. Softcover r eprint of the hardcover 1stedition 1985 All rights reserved. No part o f this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in a ny form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Martinus Nijhoff Publis hers, P.O . Box 613, 3300 AD Dordrecht , The Net herlands.
Photo: Gabriel A. Cooney
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ................................................. .
PART ONE: MEDICINE AND THE LIFE SCIENCES 1. A.Z. Iskandar - Development of Medical Education among the
Arabic-speaking Peoples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .