THE LIMITS OF LOGICAL EMPIRICISM SELECTED PAPERS OF ARTHUR PAP
This volume brings together a selection of the most philosophically significant papers of Arthur Pap. As Sanford Shieh explains in the Introduction to this volume, Pap’s work played an important role in the development of the analytic tradition. This role
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THE LIMITS OF LOGICAL EMPIRICISM Selected Papers of Arthur Pap
Edited by Alfons Keupink and Sanford Shieh
THE LIMITS OF LOGICAL EMPIRICISM
SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Editor-in-Chief:
VINCENT F. HENDRICKS, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark JOHN SYMONS, University of Texas at El Paso, U.S.A.
Honorary Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.S.A.
Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands TEDDY SEIDENFELD, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A. PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California, U.S.A. JAN WOLEN´SKI, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
VOLUME 334
THE LIMITS OF LOGICAL EMPIRICISM SELECTED PAPERS OF ARTHUR PAP with an Introduction by Sanford Shieh Edited by
ALFONS KEUPINK University of Groningen, The Netherlands
and
SANFORD SHIEH Wesleyan University, Middletown, U.S.A.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
1-4020-4298-1 (HB) 978-1-4020-4298-0 (HB) 1-4020-4299-X (e-book) 978-1-4020-4299-7 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.
Contents
ix xi
Preface Acknowledgments Part I Themes in Pap’s Philosophical Writings Introduction Sanford Shieh 1. Overview of Pap’s Philosophical Work 2. Necessity as Analyticity 3. Necessity as (Implicit) Linguistic Convention 4. The Analytic-Synthetic Distinction: Hypothetical or Functional Necessity 5. The Analytic-Synthetic Distinction: Dispositional and Open Concepts 6. The Limits of Hypothetical Necessity: Formal or Absolute Necessity 7. Logical Consequence and Material Entailment 8. The Method of Conceivability 9. Comparison with Necessity in Contemporary Analytic Metaphysics 10. Logicism 11. Concluding Remarks
3 3 10 12 15 16 23 24 27 30 33 42
Part II Analyticity, A Priority and Necessity 1 On the Meaning of Necessity (1943)
47
2 The Different Kinds of A Priori (1944)
57
3 Logic and the Synthetic A Priori (1949)
77
4 Are all Necessary Propositions Analytic? (1949)
91
v
vi 5 Necessary Propositions and Linguistic Rules (1955) 1. Are there Necessary Propositions? 2. The Confusion of Sentence and Proposition 3. Are Propositions “Logical Constructions”? 4. Necessary Truth and Semantic Systems 5. Implicit Definitions
Contents
109 109 117 122 132 137
Part III Semantic Analysis: Truth, Propositions, and Realism 6 Note on the “Semantic” and the “Absolute” Concepts of Trut
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