The Macrophages and Intestinal Symbiosis

The human intestinal tract is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms and houses the largest pool of macrophages in the human body. Being a part of the innate immune system, the macrophages, the professional phagocytes, vigorously respond to the microbia

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Malgorzata Kloc  Editor

Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and Evolutionary Aspects

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation Volume 69

Series Editors Jacek Z. Kubiak, Rennes, France Malgorzata Kloc, Houston, TX, USA

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation is an up-to-date book series that presents and explores selected questions of cell and developmental biology. Each volume focuses on a single, well-defined topic. Reviews address basic questions and phenomena, but also provide concise information on the most recent advances. Together, the volumes provide a valuable overview of this exciting and dynamically expanding field. This series is indexed in PubMed.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/400

Malgorzata Kloc Editor

Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and Evolutionary Aspects

Editor Malgorzata Kloc Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital and The Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston, TX, USA

ISSN 0080-1844 ISSN 1861-0412 (electronic) Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ISBN 978-3-030-51848-6 ISBN 978-3-030-51849-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

Microbial symbiosis played a pivotal role in the evolution of eukaryotic organisms. While the domesticated endosymbiotic bacteria evolved into cellular organelles such as mitochondria and plastids, the viruses and/or nuclear dwelling bacteria were probably the source of some of the eukaryotic genetic material. The existence of today’s plants, some unicellular organisms, and animals, including humans, depends on extremely complex and multifaceted i