The microbial coinfection in COVID-19
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MINI-REVIEW
The microbial coinfection in COVID-19 Xi Chen 1,2 & Binyou Liao 1 & Lei Cheng 1,2 & Xian Peng 1 & Xin Xu 1,2 & Yuqing Li 1 & Tao Hu 1,2 & Jiyao Li 1,2 & Xuedong Zhou 1,2 & Biao Ren 1 Received: 4 June 2020 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel β-coronavirus, is the main pathogenic agent of the rapidly spreading pneumonia called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects much more people, especially the elder population, around the world than other coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which is challenging current global public health system. Beyond the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, microbial coinfection plays an important role in the occurrence and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection by raising the difficulties of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of COVID19, and even increasing the disease symptom and mortality. We summarize the coinfection of virus, bacteria and fungi with SARS-CoV-2, their effects on COVID-19, the reasons of coinfection, and the diagnosis to emphasize the importance of microbial coinfection in COVID-19. Key points • Microbial coinfection is a nonnegligible factor in COVID-19. • Microbial coinfection exacerbates the processes of the occurrence, development and prognosis of COVID-19, and the difficulties of clinical diagnosis and treatment. • Different virus, bacteria, and fungi contributed to the coinfection with SARS-CoV-2. Keywords SARS-CoV-2 . COVID-19 . Coinfection . Microorganism
Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) is a novel member of enveloped RNA β-coronavirus (Huang et al. 2020), which is the cause of a severe pneumonia with clinical symptoms different from known coronavirus caused pneumonia, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV
Xi Chen and Binyou Liao contributed equally to this work. * Xuedong Zhou [email protected] * Biao Ren [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
2
Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
(Lu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a public health challenge for all over the world. The SARS-CoV-2 caused pneumonia was named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020 (Castagnoli et al. 2020; Ni et al. 2020). The World Health Organization has declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 spreads rapidly and becomes a global pandemic. Until 3 July 2020, 217 countries and areas have been affected, and more than 10,710,000 cases have been confirmed globally with 517,877 deaths. Since its first detection, the infection rate and mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2 have far exce
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