The Migration-Development Nexus in Selected African States: Is the Implementation of EU Migration Policies Development-F
In response to increasing numbers of asylum applications and a perceived ‘migration crisis’, the EU introduced a new concept of a ‘Migration Partnership Framework’ in 2016. Within this framework, the EU seeks to support and reinforce migration management
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The Migration-Development Nexus in Selected African States: Is the Implementation of EU Migration Policies Development-Friendly? Maud Martens, Ilke Adam, and Florian Trauner
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Introduction
In response to increasing numbers of asylum applications and a perceived ‘migration crisis’, the EU introduced a new concept of a ‘Migration Partnership Framework’ in 2016. The EU’s key objective has been to support and reinforce migration management in countries of migrants’ origin and transit. This new emphasis on externalizing migration policies to countries in the Global South has caused controversy. NGOs and pro-migrant activists have criticized the Migration Partnership Framework. It was seen to reorient EU development policies towards security and control-oriented objectives (Global Health Advocates 2017). As the framework is largely financed by development budgets, development aid may be (re-)directed at migration control instead of fighting poverty. In practice, this may run counter to wider development objectives the EU has been pursuing in partner countries. This chapter has two main objectives. First, it will assess the aims and strategies of the EU within the new Partnership Framework by means of an analysis of the implementation of the Framework. The analysis is realized through a policy frame analysis (Schön and Rein 1994; Verloo 2005) and builds upon the migration policy frames proposed by Knoll and de Weijer (2016). The first section shows that the Migration Partnership Framework is largely focused on three strategies, namely (1) strengthening border control and fighting migrant smuggling, (2) protecting refugees and providing them with humanitarian assistance, and (3) addressing the M. Martens (*) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium I. Adam · F. Trauner Institute for European Studies and BIRMM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 G. Rayp et al. (eds.), Regional Integration and Migration Governance in the Global South, United Nations University Series on Regionalism 20, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43942-2_9
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root causes of migration via development aid. A fourth objective, facilitating regular migration, is also mentioned in policy documents because of its potential to enhance development in countries of migrants’ origin. However, policy measures to create more channels for regular migration or maximize its benefits for development can hardly be identified in the framework. Because of this observation, the second objective of the chapter is to evaluate to what extent security priorities may override the EU’s development agenda. Therefore, the second section will look at how the ‘development-migration’ nexus is translated into the concrete implementation of the European Migration Partnership Framework and examine whether the EU external migration policy is development-friendly. The chapter analyses the implementation of the Migration Partnership Framework in five priority cou
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