The Necessity of Sensor Calibration for the Precise Measurement of Water Fluxes in Forest Ecosystems

In forested watersheds, interception loss (EI) and transpiration (ET) constitute the majority of evapotranspiration. Accordingly, their precise evaluations are necessary to understand and quantify fluxes within the hydrologic cycle. EI is commonly measure

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Delphis F. Levia Editor Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses Shin’ichi Iida · Beate Michalzik Kazuki Nanko · Alexander Tischer Co-Editors

Forest-Water Interactions

Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis Volume 240

Series Editors Josep G. Canadell CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia Sandra Díaz National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Gerhard Heldmaier University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany Robert B. Jackson Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Delphis F. Levia University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Ernst-Detlef Schulze Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany Ulrich Sommer GEOMAR | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany David A. Wardle Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

Ecological Studies is Springer’s premier book series treating all aspects of ecology. These volumes, either authored or edited collections, appear several times each year. They are intended to analyze and synthesize our understanding of natural and managed ecosystems and their constituent organisms and resources at different scales from the biosphere to communities, populations, individual organisms and molecular interactions. Many volumes constitute case studies illustrating and synthesizing ecological principles for an intended audience of scientists, students, environmental managers and policy experts. Recent volumes address biodiversity, global change, landscape ecology, air pollution, ecosystem analysis, microbial ecology, ecophysiology and molecular ecology.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/86

Delphis F. Levia Editor

Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses • Shin’ichi Iida Beate Michalzik • Kazuki Nanko Alexander Tischer Co-Editors

Forest-Water Interactions

Editor Delphis F. Levia Departments of Geography and Plant & Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA Co-Editors Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Thompson Rivers University Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Beate Michalzik Institute of Geography Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena, Germany

Shin’ichi Iida Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Kazuki Nanko Department of Disaster Prevention, Meteorology and Hydrology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukua, Ibaraki, Japan

Alexander Tischer Institute of Geography Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena, Germany

ISSN 0070-8356 ISSN 2196-971X (electronic) Ecological Studies ISBN 978-3-030-26085-9 ISBN 978-3-030-26086-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26086-6 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now