The Neglected Tropical Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean: Burden of Disease and Approaches for Elimination and
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have afflicted humankind since time immemorial, and their impact has impacted, and continues to do so, leading to disabling, deforming, stigmatizing diseases. This group of diseases decreases the freedoms and capabilitie
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Contents 1 Overview of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . 2 2 Control and Elimination of NTDs in Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Abstract Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have afflicted humankind since time immemorial, and their impact has impacted, and continues to do so, leading to disabling, deforming, stigmatizing diseases. This group of diseases decreases the freedoms and capabilities of individuals leading to economic poverty and underdevelopment. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the toll associated with many neglected tropical diseases is similar, if not higher, than that of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in this region. Fortunately, through the use of stepped-up advocacy, partnerships, resource mobilization, capacity enhancement, and careful allocation of resources, a number of NTDs can be controlled and potentially eliminated in Latin America and the Caribbean. Keywords Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) • Latin America • Caribbean • Chagas disease • Leprosy • Schistosomiasis • Soil-transmitted helminthes • Leptospirosis • Bartonellosis • Trichuriasis • Lymphatic filariasis • Hookworm • Cysticercosis • Leishmaniasis • Onchocerciasis • Yellow fever
C. Franco-Paredes, MD, MPH (*) Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Infantil de Me´xico, Federico Gomez, Dr. Ma´rquez 162, Cuauhte´moc, Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720, Me´xico D.F., Me´xico e-mail: [email protected] J.I. Santos-Preciado, M.D., M.Sc. Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut onoma de Me´xico, Me´xico D.F., Me´xico e-mail: [email protected] © Springer-Verlag Wien 2015 C. Franco-Paredes, J.I. Santos-Preciado (eds.), Neglected Tropical Diseases - Latin America and the Caribbean, Neglected Tropical Diseases, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1422-3_1
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C. Franco-Paredes and J.I. Santos-Preciado
1 Overview of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean Map is not the territory. This phrase coined by the Polish–American scientist and philosopher Alfred Korzybski may be interpreted from different perspectives. If we choose to focus on infectious pathogens, assessing geopolitical divisions may only cloud our perception of the ecological reach and biological determination of microbes, and it may also impair our appreciation of the biosphere (Lapo and Vladimir 2001). The Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) illustrate the importance of Korzybski’s dictum by impacting more than one billion people across the globe, and by placing at least 2 billion at risk (Ault 2007, 2008; Gyapong et al. 2010; Hotez et al. 2008a; Holveck et al. 2007). This geographic dilemma is exemplified in borders such as that of northern Mexico and the southern United States where populations sharing the same terrain and similar
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