The Neuropharmacology of Impulsive Behaviour, an Update
Neuropharmacological interventions in preclinical translational models of impulsivity have tremendously contributed to a better understanding of the neurochemistry and neural basis of impulsive behaviour. In this regard, much progress has been made over t
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Contents 1 Preclinical Translational Models of Impulsivity 2 Monoaminergic Modulation of Impulsivity 2.1 Dopamine 2.2 Noradrenaline 3 Novel Targets 4 Concluding Remarks References
Abstract Neuropharmacological interventions in preclinical translational models of impulsivity have tremendously contributed to a better understanding of the neurochemistry and neural basis of impulsive behaviour. In this regard, much progress has been made over the last years, also due to the introduction of novel techniques in behavioural neuroscience such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. In this chapter, we will provide an update of how the behavioural pharmacology field has progressed and built upon existing data since an earlier review we wrote in 2008. To this aim, we will first give a brief background on preclinical translational models of impulsivity. Next, recent interesting evidence of monoaminergic modulation of impulsivity will be highlighted with a focus on the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Finally, we will close the chapter by discussing some novel directions and drug leads in the neuropharmacological modulation of impulsivity. Keywords Behavioural neuroscience · Dopamine · Noradrenaline · Pharmacology · Translational models
T. Pattij (*) Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] L. J. M. J. Vanderschuren Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Curr Topics Behav Neurosci https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_143
T. Pattij and L. J. M. J. Vanderschuren
A little over a decade ago, we wrote a review on impulsivity on the occasion of the celebration of 100 years of pharmacology research in the Netherlands. This review addressed the neuropharmacology of impulsivity, focusing on the collective work from preclinical translational models of impulsivity (Pattij and Vanderschuren 2008). At that time, the study of the neural basis of impulsivity relied on behavioural pharmacological intervention techniques in preclinical translational animal models. Other often-used intervention techniques back then – and still today – consisted of, for instance, performing selective (neurochemical) lesions/disconnections of brain regions, conducting targeted gene deletions (primarily in murine models) and measuring mRNA/protein/neurotransmitter levels in selected brain regions. Since then, the introduction of novel genetic techniques such as optogenetics and chemogenetics has created unique opportunities to manipulate brain function in a cell-type-specific, circuit-specific and bidirectional manner (see for recent reviews on these techniques: Rajasethupathy et al. 2016; Roth 2016). These novel techniques have revolutionized behavioural neuroscience, which is also contributing to our understanding of the neurobiology of impulsivity (
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