The origin of freckles in unidirectionally solidified castings
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sure theory nor the adsorption theory could properly account for the kinetics involved in the reversibility of t h e i n c u b a t i o n p e r i o d o r t h e p r e s e n c e of l o w t e m perature embrittlement where diffusional processes should be negligible. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The work described in this report was performed u n d e r s p o n s o r s h i p of t h e O f f i c e of N a v a l R e s e a r c h , Contract N0014-69-C-0286 with Dr. P. Clarkin acting as program manager for the Navy. RE FERENCES 1. A. R. Troiano: Trans.ASM, 1960, voL 52, p. 54. 2. T. Toh and W. M. Baldwin: Stress Corrosion Crackingand Embrittlement, pp. 175-86, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1956. 3. H. H. Johnson, J. G. Morlet, and A. R. Troiano: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1958, vol. 2t2, pp. 528-36. 4. C. Zapffe: Trans. ASM, 1947, vol. 39, p. 191. 5. A. S. Tetleman: Fracture of Solids, p. 671, John Wdey & Sons, New York, 1962. 6. J. G. Morlet, H. H. Johnson, and A. R. Troiano: J. Iron SteelInst., 1958, vol. 189, p. 37. 7. N. J. Petch: Phil Mag., 1956, vol. 1, pp. 331-35. 8. D. P. Williamsand H. G. Nelson: Met. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 63-68. 9. F. de Kazinezy:dernkontoretsAn~, 1955, vol. I39, pp. 466-80. 10. E. A. Steigerwald, F. W. Schaller, and A. R. Troiano: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1960, voI. 218, pp. 832-40. 11. C. F. Prutton and S. H. Maron: PhysicalChemistry, p. 723, The MacMillanCo., New York, 1949. 12. C. M. Sturges and A. P. Miodownik:Acta Met., 1969, vol. 17, p. 1206. 13. J. D. Hobson: s 1ton SteelInst., 1958, vol. 189, p. 315. 14. R. C. Frank: s Appl Phys 1958, vol. 29, p. 1262. 15. E. A. Steigerwald, F. W. Schaller, and A. R. Troiano: Tran~ TMS-AIME, 1959,vol. 215, p. 1048. 16. R. Gibala: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, p. 1574. 17. J. Crank: The Mathematics of Diffusion, p. 67, Clarendon Press, 1956. 18. R. C. Frank: Internal Stresses and Fatigue in Metals, p. 417, ElsevierPublishingCo., 1959.
to M e t . T r a n s . , 1 9 7 0 , v o l . 1.
The O r i g i n o f F r e c k l e s i n U n i d i r e c t i o n a l l y S o l i d i f i e d C a s t i n g s , b y S. M , C o p l e y , A. F. G i a m e i , S. M. J o h n s o n , a n d M. F . H o r n b e c k e r , p p . 2 1 9 3 - 2 2 0 4 .
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28 t h r o u g h 32 s h o u l d r e a d :
28. c. Wagner:Z Metals, 1954, vol. 6, pp. 154-60. 29. S. Chandrasekhar:Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Instability, Oxford University Press, London, 1961. 30. G. Veronis: Astrophys. J., 1963,vol. 137, pp. 641-63.
METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS
3 I. R. S. Cremisio: International Transactions Vacuum Metallurgy Conference, E. L. Foster, ed., American Vacuum Society, New York, 1968. 32. R. J. McDonaldand J. D. Hunt: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, pp. 199397.
VOLUME I,DECEMBER 1970-3455
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