The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and air-sea fluxes in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent Hangzhou Bay
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The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and air-sea fluxes in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent Hangzhou Bay YU Peisong1,2,3 , ZHANG Haisheng2∗ , ZHENG Minhui2 , PAN Jianming2 , BAI Yan4 1
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 2
Received 15 March 2012; accepted 19 December 2012 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract The distributions of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO2 ) in the surface waters of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent Hangzhou Bay were examined in the summer of 2010. Surface water p CO2 ranged from 751–2 095 µatm (1 atm=101 325 Pa) in the inner estuary, 177–1 036 µatm in the outer estuary, and 498–1 166 µatm in Hangzhou Bay. Overall, surface p CO2 behaved conservatively during the estuary mixing. In the inner estuary, surface p CO2 was relatively high due to urbanized pollution and a high respiration rate. The lowest p CO2 was observed in the outer estuary, which was apparently induced by a phytoplankton bloom because the dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a were very high. The Changjiang River Estuary was a significant source of atmospheric CO2 and the degassing fluxes were estimated as 0–230 mmol/(m2 ·d) [61 mmol/(m2 ·d) on average] in the inner estuary. In contrast, the outer estuary acted as a CO2 sink. Key words: carbon dioxide, air-sea flux, Changjiang River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay Citation: Yu Peisong, Zhang Haisheng, Zheng Minhui, Pan Jianming, Bai Yan. 2013. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and air-sea fluxes in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent Hangzhou Bay. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(6): 13–17, doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0320-6
largest river in the world, has a relatively higher TA (total alkalinity) value (Chen et al., 2002) and higher delivery of nutrients and particles (Li and Zhang, 2003), in contrast with other rivers in the world. In the Changjiang River estuary, there is an intense physical mixing effect with the seawater from the East China Sea, accompanied by intense physical and biogeochemical processes. Although the Changjiang River Estuary is a large CO2 source, the whole continental shelf area of the East China Sea (ECS) is a CO2 sink, though recent studies have shown that this sink is declining (Chen et al., 2008). In addition, the CO2 source and sink varies with the seasons. For example, in spring, summer, and winter, the outer Changjiang River estuary is a moderate or large sink for CO2 , while in autumn it becomes a source of CO2 (Zhai and Dai, 2009). Due to differences in the time and area studied, controversies still exist about whether the ECS is a source or sink of carbon in a given season a
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