The Philosophy of Chinese Military Culture Shih vs. Li
Drawing on ancient texts and modern interpretations, this work explores the foundations for war in China's strategic culture Shih, Li and Tao. The work uses Shih theory to explain the anomalies that continue to perplex Euro-American observers in modern Ch
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The Philosophy of Chinese Military Culture Shih vs. Li WILLIAM H. MOTT IV AND
JAE CHANG KIM
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CHINESE MILITARY CULTURE
© William H. Mott IV and Jae Chang Kim, 2006. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7187-6 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53326-8 ISBN 978-1-4039-8313-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403983138 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mott, William H. The philosophy of Chinese military culture : shih vs. li / William H. Mott IV and Jae Chang Kim. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Military art and science—China—Philosophy. 2. China— Civilization. I. Kim, Jae Chang. II. Title. U43.C6M68 2006 355.001—dc22
2005054744
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: April 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Illustrations
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Preface
x
1 Strategy and Culture
1
2 The Idea of Shih
15
3 Ancient Chinese Wars
45
4 The Chinese Civil War
73
5 The Korean War
103
6 The Sino-Indian War
131
7 The Sino-Soviet War
161
8 The Sino-Vietnamese War
185
9 Chinese Strategy: Shih-Strategy
215
Glossary
233
Notes
241
Bibliography
279
Index
295
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List of Illustrations
Tables 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1
Comparison of Shih and Li Indicators of Shih or Li in ruler’s national strategies Indicators of strategy based on intent or on forces Chronology: Liu Bang–Xiang Yu Chronology: Liu Bei–Cao Cao Chronology: China’s Civil War Sun Tzu’s 14 principles Mao’s eight rules Chronology: The Korean War Chronology—Sino-Indian War Chronology: Sino-Soviet War Chronology: Sino-Vietnamese War Comparison of strategic dimension of Shih or Li
32 36 44 52 60 76 79 91 106 146 172 200 227
Figures 2.1 2.2
Shih-Strategy and Li-Strategy Shih-Strategy and Li-Strategy in Wei-Chi game
34 35
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Acknowledgments
While it is certain that readers will find weaknesses or omissions in our perceptions, presentation, or conclusions, it is just as clear that they would have found many more without the kind and patient help, understanding, and support of our colleagues, families, and friends. We acknowledge the active cont
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