The Philosophy of Medicine Framing the Field

The term `bioethics' was coined in 1971, just as interest in the medical humanities claimed a prominent place in medical education. Out of this interest, a substantial area of research and scholarship took shape: the philosophy of medicine. This field has

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Philosophy and Medicine VOLUME 64 Founding Co-Editor

Stuart F. Spicker Editor

H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine and Department of Philosophy, Rice University, Houston, Texas Editorial Board

George J. Agich, Department of Bioethics, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio Nicholas Capaldi, Department of Philosophy, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma Edmund L. Erde, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey Becky White, California State University, Chico, California

The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE Framing the Field

Edited by

H. TRISTRAM ENGELHARDT, JR. Philosophy Department, Rice University, Baylor College of Medicine

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK / BOSTON / DORDRECHT / LONDON / MOSCOW

eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:

0-306-47475-1 0-7923-6223-3

'2002 Kl uwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer’s eBookstore at:

http://www.kluweronline.com http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com

STUART FRANCIS SPICKER, Ph.D. B.A., City University of New York, Queens College, 1959 M.A., New School for Social Research, New York City, 1962 Ph.D., University of Colorado, Boulder, 1968

Professor Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Boston, Massachusetts Professor Emeritus University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut

TABLE OF CONTENTS

H. TRISTRAM ENGELHARDT, JR. /

The Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics: An Introduction to the Framing of a Field

1

S E C T I O N O N E / T H E P H I L O S O P H Y OF T H E B O D Y AND B I O E T H I C S HENK A. M. J. TEN HAVE /

Bodies of Knowledge, Philosophical Anthropology. and Philosophy of Medicine MARX W. WARTOFSKY / Bodies, Body Parts, and Body Language: Reflections on Ontology and Personal Identity in Medical Practice MARK J. CHERRY / Bodies and Minds in the Philosophy of Medicine: Organ Sales and the Lived Body

19

37 57

S E C T I O N TWO / E U T H A N A S I A . S E C U L A R P R I E S T S . AND T H E C E N T R A L I T Y OF C H O I C E THOMAS HALPER /

Accommodating Death: Euthanasia in the

Netherlands GEORGE J. AGlCH /

81 Why Should Anyone Listen to Ethics

Consultants?

117

LORETTA M. KOPELMAN /

Changing Views of Paternalism in Research: AIDS Activists Demand Change

139

SECTION THREE / FUNDAMENTAL CATEGORIES: THE MIND, EQUITY, THE STATE, AND TIME K. W. M. FULFORD / Three Designations of Disorder: Diversity,

Disease. and Determinism in Psychiatric Thought and Practice Equity and the Health Effects of Urbanization THOMAS J. BOLE. III / Engelhardt on Kant’s Moral Foundations and Hegel’s Category of the State

159

BERNARD M. DICKENS /

vii

177 195

viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS