The Physical Essence of Mono-dispersed Nanometer Particle Surface Energy by Boundary bond Interaction
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The Physical Essence of Mono-dispersed Nanometer Particle Surface Energy by Boundary bond Interaction Lihong.Su 1, Xiaowei.Yin2, Caixia.Wan1, Shengru.Qiao2, (1.
Depart. of applying chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China, 710072)
(2.
Science and Technology on Thermostructure Composite Materials Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China, 710072)
(Corresponding Author: Lihong.Su, Email: [email protected])
ABSTRACT The surface energy quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bond that occurs when a surface is created. The paper discusses critical size dc of mono-dispersed nanometer particle by analyzing the change of interfacial surface energy. The traditional theory neglects that the mono-dispersed nanometer particle has quantum standing wave in its internal structure with a size below critical dc. During the preparation of mono-dispersed nanometer powder, the large surface energy is formed ont only by cutting surface bond but also by forming quantum standing wave that opposites to interfacial edge unsaturated bond on the nanometer partcile surface atom. The preparation process of nanometer material needs more energy than the size surpass dc material. The new theory can explain why the melting point of nanometer powder decreases and other phenomina of nanometer material.
Key words: Edge bond, Nanometer, Characteristic size dc, Quantum standing wave，electron energy level，
INTRODUCTION Traditional theory holds that cutting a solid body into pieces disrupts its bond, and therefore consumes energy. If the cutting is done reversibly, then conservation of energy means that the energy consumed by the cutting process will be equal to the energy inherent in the two new surfaces created. The bond on the new surface is unsaturated after it is divided. However, we discovered that the definition is only right when the material size surpasses a critic diameter (dc). The dc is the maximum size of nanometer material that can ensure the formation of the surface bond quantum tunneling standing wave at room temperature and pressure. The nanometer material interfacia surface energy not only includes the one consumed by cutting the surface bond,but it also requires the energy flow to form quantum standing wave in its interior quantum micorstructure[1-5]. Kubo effect can explain many phenomena about nanometer particle, but it cannot explain the melting decreasing, thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat change of nanometer particle. The new theory can explain all of these phenomena very well, including nanometer material catalysis specialty, size effect, specific area effect, quantum tunneling effect, quantum confinement effect, Coulomb blockade effects, lotus leaf effect, and dielectric confinement effect et al. Our research result shows that the edge bond electron energy level of nanometer material could fluctuate with the size decreasing.
THEORY ANALYSIS of NANOMETER SURFACE ENERGY 1.1The character size of nanometer particle above dc When one particle is divided into small
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