The Preparation of Ag/Pd/m-BiVO 4 Microsphere Photocatalysts with Different Loading Modes and Their Catalytic Activity f
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The Preparation of Ag/Pd/m‑BiVO4 Microsphere Photocatalysts with Different Loading Modes and Their Catalytic Activity for Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Under Visible Light Irradiation Xiujuan Yu1,2 · Haiying Li1 · Xueli Hao1 · Zhiying Zhang1 · Yan Wang1 · Jingyi Li1 · Zhibao Wang2 · Chunyan Guo2 Received: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ag and Pd bimetallic systems loaded on m-BiVO4 were obtained by hydrothermal and N aBH4 reduction methods with different loading sequences. During the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under visible light, the photocatalytic performance of Ag/Pd/m-BiVO4with Ag loaded on the support after Pd loading is higher than that of the other catalysts (Pd/Ag/m-BiVO4 with Pd loaded on the support after Ag, Ag–Pd/m-BiVO4 with Ag and Pd loaded at the same time, and m-BiVO4). The morphology and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using different characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis DRS and PL. The Arrhenius equation and kinetic data of photocatalytic reactions at different temperatures were used to estimate the apparent activation energy. The experimental results show that the Ag/Pd/m-BiVO4 (2 wt%, 2:1) catalyst can decrease the activation energy by 22.4 kJ mol−1 during the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under visible light irradiation. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Bimetallic photocatalysts · Loading sequence · Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol · Activation energy Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03260-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction Energy is the material basis for human survival and an important material guarantee for the sustainable development of the economy and society [1, 2]. Photocatalysis is a feasible and promising method that directly converts solar energy into chemical energy [3, 4]. Photocatalytic technology is mainly applied in the fields of water oxidation to generate O2, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants or photocatalytic conversion of organic functional groups, which is of great practical significance to sustainable development [5–10]. The main mechanism of semiconductor photocatalysis is to absorb solar photons whose energy is greater than or equal to the forbidden band width (Eg) and be stimulated to produce photogenerated electron and hole pairs with redox ability, which can be captured and participate in photocatalytic redox reactions. However, the performance of photocatalysts in practical applications is limited by their ability to absorb light and the lifetime of photo-induced charge carriers [11–13]. As a typical semiconductor photocatalysis material, monoclinic scheelite phase bismuth vanadate (m-BiVO4) has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its relati
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